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Physio, Dimple Choudhry
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Neuroscience

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ATTENTION AND COGNITIVE FUNCTIONING IN ADULTS WITH DOWN SYNDROME: A COMPARISON WITH TYPICALLY DEVELOPING ADULTS Physio, Dimple Choudhry; E, Ekta; M, Malika; Mohammad, Zafar
MNJ (Malang Neurology Journal) Vol. 12 No. 1 (2026): January
Publisher : PERDOSSI (Perhimpunan Dokter Spesialis Saraf Indonesia Cabang Malang) - Indonesian Neurological Association Branch of Malang cooperated with Neurology Residency Program, Faculty of Medicine Brawijaya University, Malang, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21776/ub.mnj.2026.012.01.01

Abstract

Background: Down syndrome (DS) is the most common chromosomal disorder associated with intellectual disability, characterized by distinctive neurocognitive profiles and an increased risk of early-onset dementia. While much research has focused on children and adolescents with DS, fewer studies have systematically examined the attention span and cognitive function of adults with DS compared to typically developing adults of the same age. Understanding these differences is crucial for designing appropriate interventions, educational programs, and long-term care strategies. Objective: The objective of this study is to examine the differences in attention span and cognitive function between adults with Down syndrome and healthy individuals. This study aims to identify the underlying neurological, genetic, and physiological factors contributing to these differences. Methods: A total of 25 adults with Down syndrome, aged 18 to 25 years, were recruited from SIRTAR School in Rohtak District, Haryana. Cognitive function was assessed using the Cognitive Scale for Down Syndrome, while attention span was measured using the Stroop Color and Word Test. Results: Statistical analysis of data was performed using SPSS software version 21.0. Continuous variables were presented as mean ± SD. independent t-test were used for between group analysis. For all statistical tests, a p-value of ≤0.05 was taken as a significant difference. Analysis revealed statistically significant group differences across all cognitive domains. Adults with DS scored significantly lower than controls on CS-DS subscales: EFD (p = 0.00), LD (p = 0.00), MD (p = 0.00), and CS-DS total (p = 0.00). Stroop test findings further demonstrated marked deficits in attention span, with significant differences in correct responses (p = 0.00), incorrect responses (p = 0.00), no responses (p = 0.00), congruent response time (p = 0.00), and incongruent response time (p = 0.00) between the DS and control groups. Conclusion: Adults with Down syndrome exhibit differences in attention span and cognitive function compared to healthy individuals due to genetic, neurological, and physiological factors. Structural and functional variations in the brain.
IMPACT OF DUAL TASK TRAINING ON COGNITIVE FUNCTION, BALANCE, GAIT AND QUALITY OF LIFE IN PATIENTS WITH PARKINSON’S DISEASE M, Monika; Physio, Dimple Choudhry; Dabla, Surekha
MNJ (Malang Neurology Journal) Vol. 12 No. 1 (2026): January
Publisher : PERDOSSI (Perhimpunan Dokter Spesialis Saraf Indonesia Cabang Malang) - Indonesian Neurological Association Branch of Malang cooperated with Neurology Residency Program, Faculty of Medicine Brawijaya University, Malang, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21776/ub.mnj.2026.012.01.05

Abstract

Background:Parkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder, with the main manifestations being tremors, rigidity, bradykinesia, and postural balance disorders, accompanied by a decline in cognitive function. Objective: One of the major challenges in PD is difficulty performing dual tasks, rehabilitation strategies such as dual-task training (DTT) have been proposed to simultaneously target motor and cognitive deficits. In this study, we aimed to assess the impact of dual-task training on cognitive function, balance, gait, and quality of life in patients with Parkinson’s disease. Methods: In this study, 30 patients diagnosed with idiopathic Parkinson’s disease, aged 50–70 years were randomly assigned into experimental group (n=15) receiving dual-task training and control group (n=15) receiving single-task training for 12 sessions (40 minutes each, twice weekly for 6 weeks). Outcome measures included Timed Up and Go test, step length and stride length, fluency test and PDQ-39 measured at baseline, after 3 weeks and after 6 weeks. Results: There was a statistically significant difference was found in PDQ-39 (t= -2.888, p=0. 007), Semantic Fluency test (t=3.391, p=0.002) and phonemic Fluency test (t=2.956, p=0.006) after 6 weeks between experimental and control group. Both groups showed significant improvements in balance, gait parameters after 6 weeks (p<0.05). Conclusion: Both type of training help to improve balance and gait, but dual-task training provided added gains in quality of life and cognition. Incorporating dual-task exercises into rehabilitation may therefore offer superior functional benefits by better reflecting real-world mobility demands.
Co-Authors Dabla, Surekha E, Ekta M, Malika M, Monika Mohammad, Zafar