<![CDATA[Bullying in secondary schools remains a critical issue affecting students’ psychological well-being and the overall school climate. Various anti-bullying programs have been implemented in Indonesia; however, their forms, implementation patterns, and effectiveness vary considerably. This study aims to examine the forms and characteristics of anti-bullying programs in secondary schools, analyze their implementation and effectiveness, and identify factors that support or hinder program success. This study employed a narrative literature review approach. Articles were retrieved from Google Scholar and Portal Garuda databases published between 2020 and 2025. Out of 105 identified articles, nine studies were selected based on topic relevance, secondary school context, and clarity of program description and outcomes. The findings indicate that anti-bullying programs in secondary schools include student-based programs, guidance and counseling-based interventions, character education initiatives, and school-based programs supported by formal prevention teams (TPPK). Overall, these programs were effective in reducing bullying behavior and improving students’ empathy. Nevertheless, program effectiveness largely depends on school leadership commitment, active involvement of school members, collaboration with external stakeholders, and continuous monitoring and evaluation. Major barriers include underreporting of bullying cases, limited resources, and inconsistent program implementation. ABSTRAK Perundungan di sekolah menengah masih menjadi permasalahan yang berdampak pada kesejahteraan psikologis siswa dan iklim sekolah. Berbagai program anti perundungan telah diterapkan di Indonesia, namun bentuk, pola implementasi, dan tingkat efektivitasnya menunjukkan hasil yang beragam. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menelaah bentuk dan karakteristik program anti perundungan di sekolah menengah, menganalisis pola implementasi dan efektivitas program, serta mengidentifikasi faktor pendukung dan penghambat pelaksanaannya. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah studi literatur dengan pendekatan narrative literature review. Pencarian artikel dilakukan melalui Google Scholar dan Portal Garuda pada rentang tahun 2020–2025. Dari 105 artikel yang teridentifikasi, sebanyak 9 artikel dipilih berdasarkan kriteria relevansi topik, konteks sekolah menengah, serta kejelasan deskripsi program dan hasil penelitian. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa program anti perundungan di sekolah menengah terdiri atas program berbasis siswa, guru bimbingan dan konseling, pendidikan karakter, serta program berbasis kebijakan sekolah melalui pembentukan TPPK. Secara umum, program-program tersebut efektif dalam menurunkan perilaku perundungan dan meningkatkan empati siswa. Namun, efektivitas program sangat dipengaruhi oleh komitmen sekolah, keterlibatan seluruh warga sekolah, kolaborasi dengan pihak eksternal, serta monitoring dan evaluasi yang berkelanjutan. Hambatan utama meliputi rendahnya pelaporan kasus, keterbatasan sumber daya, dan inkonsistensi implementasi program. ]]>
