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All Journal Hukum Inovatif : Jurnal Ilmu Hukum Sosial dan Humaniora
Dhiaul Azkiya
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Law, Crime, Criminology & Criminal Justice Social Sciences

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Keabsahan Kontrak yang dibuat Melalui Artificial Intelligence (AI) dalam Perspektif Hukum Perdata Indonesia Fanisa Asyatilah Rusli; Dhiaul Azkiya; Putri Zahra Maulidina; Fajar Caesar; Neng Sri Suryati
Hukum Inovatif : Jurnal Ilmu Hukum Sosial dan Humaniora Vol. 3 No. 1 (2026): Januari: Hukum Inovatif : Jurnal Ilmu Hukum Sosial dan Humaniora
Publisher : Lembaga Pengembangan Kinerja Dosen

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.62383/humif.v3i1.2758

Abstract

The development of Artificial Intelligence (AI) has significantly influenced the formation of contracts in civil law, particularly through the automation of clause drafting, risk analysis, and the standardization of contractual documents. The use of AI in contract drafting raises complex legal issues, especially concerning the validity of agreements and the attribution of legal liability in the event of default. This study aims to analyze the validity of contracts created through Artificial Intelligence from the perspective of Indonesian civil law and to examine models of legal liability in AI-based contracts. This research employs a normative legal method with statutory and conceptual approaches, examining the provisions of the Indonesian Civil Code, particularly Article 1320, as well as legal doctrines and scholarly perspectives on digital contracts and AI. The findings indicate that AI-based contracts are, in principle, legally valid as long as they fulfill the requirements of a valid agreement, namely the consent of the parties, legal capacity, a specific object, and a lawful cause. Artificial Intelligence cannot be positioned as a legal subject because it lacks intent, consciousness, and the capacity to bear rights and obligations, and therefore functions solely as a technological tool. Consequently, legal intent and liability remain attached to the human or legal entity that uses, controls, or benefits from AI. This study also emphasizes that the primary challenge of AI-based contracts lies in the absence of specific legal regulations governing the allocation of liability among AI users, system providers, and developers, particularly when default occurs due to algorithmic errors or system failures. Therefore, clearer, adaptive, and comprehensive regulations are required to ensure legal certainty, protect the parties involved, and maintain a balance between technological innovation and the principles of justice in AI-based contractual practices in Indonesia.
Perlindungan Hukum Data Pribadi Debitur dalam Perjanjian Pinjaman Online (Fintech Lending) di Tinjau dari Hukum Perikatan di Indonesia Dhiaul Azkiya; Fanisa Asyatilah Rusli; Fajar Caesar; Putri Zahra Mauliddina
Hukum Inovatif : Jurnal Ilmu Hukum Sosial dan Humaniora Vol. 3 No. 3 (2026): Hukum Inovatif : Jurnal Ilmu Hukum Sosial dan Humaniora
Publisher : Lembaga Pengembangan Kinerja Dosen

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.62383/humif.v3i3.3228

Abstract

The rapid growth of fintech lending in Indonesia has raised critical concerns over the protection of debtors' personal data, with frequent cases of data misuse, including unauthorized dissemination of contacts and coercive collection practices. This normative juridical research, employing statutory and conceptual approaches, examines the position of debtors' personal data within online loan agreements under Indonesian contract law, the available legal protections, and the liability of fintech lending providers for data breaches. The findings reveal that personal data serves a dual role in online loan contracts: as an object of processing and as a legally protected right, thereby influencing the validity of agreements under Article 1320 of the Indonesian Civil Code. Legal protection is primarily governed by Law No. 27 of 2022 on Personal Data Protection and OJK regulations, which guarantee debtors' rights to access, rectify, delete, and claim compensation. Fintech providers bear civil liability based on breach of contract and tort, and may also face administrative and criminal sanctions. This study implies that effective legal protection for debtors requires not only comprehensive regulations but also strengthened supervision, improved digital literacy, and the full establishment of personal data protection institutions to ensure accountability and redress in the fintech lending ecosystem.
Co-Authors Fajar Caesar Fanisa Asyatilah Rusli Neng Sri Suryati Putri Zahra Mauliddina Putri Zahra Maulidina