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Alfajar, Ridho
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Economics, Econometrics & Finance

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Pengaruh Investasi dan Tenaga Kerja Terhadap Pertumbuhan Ekonomi Di Kawasan Timur dan Barat Indonesia Suparta, I Wayan; Alfajar, Ridho
Jurnal Ekonomika Dan Bisnis (JEBS) Vol. 5 No. 6 (2025): November - Desember
Publisher : CV. ITTC INDONESIA

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.47233/jebs.v5i6.3720

Abstract

Economic growth disparities between Western and Eastern Indonesia remain a major challenge in achieving equitable national development. Based on data from the Statistics Indonesia (BPS, 2024), Indonesia’s economic growth increased from –2.07 percent in 2020 to 3.69 percent in 2021, 5.31 percent in 2022, and remained stable at around 5.05 percent in 2023. Although this reflects a solid economic recovery, regional inequality remains evident. Western Indonesia, which includes Sumatra, Java, and parts of Kalimantan, contributes approximately 80 percent to the national Gross Domestic Product (GDP), while Eastern Indonesia—comprising Sulawesi, Bali–Nusa Tenggara, Maluku, and Papua—accounts for only about 20 percent. This imbalance illustrates differences in investment distribution and labor capacity between the two regions. The study aims to analyze the influence of investment and labor on economic growth in both the western and eastern regions during the 2020–2024 period. The research employs a quantitative approach using annual panel data from all provinces in both regions, and applies the Fixed Effect Model (FEM) with robust standard errors to address potential violations of classical assumptions. The results indicate that in the western region, both investment and labor have a positive and significant effect on economic growth. In contrast, in the eastern region, only labor shows a significant influence, while investment does not have a statistically significant impact.
Pengaruh Sektor Industri, Komersial dan Pendapatan Terhadap Konsumsi Energi Listrik Bersumber Fosil di Indonesia Alfajar, Ridho; Suparta, I Wayan; Moniyana Putri, Resha
Jurnal Ekonomika Dan Bisnis (JEBS) Vol. 5 No. 6 (2025): November - Desember
Publisher : CV. ITTC INDONESIA

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.47233/jebs.v5i6.3731

Abstract

Fossil-based electricity consumption in Indonesia has continued to rise in recent years, driven by accelerated economic growth, expansion of the industrial and commercial sectors, and increasing household income levels. This strong reliance on fossil energy has contributed to higher carbon emissions and heightened vulnerability to supply instability. Therefore, understanding the key determinants of electricity consumption is essential for supporting Indonesia’s national energy transition agenda toward a more sustainable energy system. This study aims to examine the influence of the industrial sector, commercial sector, and income level on fossil-based electricity consumption in Indonesia during the 2019–2023 period. The study employs panel data analysis using the Random Effect Model (REM). This model was selected through the Chow test, Hausman test, and Lagrange Multiplier test, all of which indicated that REM provides the most efficient estimation for accommodating variations across provinces and years. The data were obtained from Statistics Indonesia (BPS), PT PLN, and other relevant official publications. The results reveal that the industrial sector, commercial sector, and income level all exert a positive and significant effect on electricity consumption. Industrial and commercial activities represent the primary drivers of rising national electricity demand, while increases in per capita income contribute to greater household electricity use. The coefficient of determination (R² = 0.7201) demonstrates that the model has strong explanatory power in describing interprovincial variations in fossil-based electricity consumption. These findings highlight Indonesia’s continued dependence on fossil energy, underscoring the need to accelerate renewable energy adoption and improve energy efficiencyas strategic steps to support the national energy transition.
Co-Authors I Wayan Suparta . Moniyana Putri, Resha