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All Journal Indonesian Food Science and TechnologyJournal
Azhara, Belinda
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Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry

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Optimization of Coffee Bean Extraction Using Subcritical Water: A Response Surface Methodology Approach for Maximizing Caffeine and Antioxidant Yield Sutrisno, Sutrisno; Yulianto, Mohamad Endy; Ariwibowo, Didik; Paramita, Vita; Utari, Febiani Dwi; Azhara, Belinda; Monawisya, Abitha; Rizki, Muhammad
Indonesian Food Science and Technology Journal Vol. 9 No. 1 (2025): Volume 9 Number 1, December 2025 |IFSTJ|
Publisher : Department of Technology of Agricultural product (THP) Jambi University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22437/ifstj.v9i1.43017

Abstract

This study explores the optimization of Subcritical Water Extraction (SWE) for maximizing caffeine and antioxidant yields from coffee beans using Response Surface Methodology (RSM). A Central Composite Design (CCD) was employed to evaluate the interaction effects of three key variables: temperature, solvent volume, and extraction time. As an eco-friendly alternative to conventional extraction methods, SWE was optimized based on these parameters. Statistical analysis confirmed their significant influence on bioactive compound recovery, with optimal conditions—162.440 °C, 28.409 mL of solvent, and 27.389 minutes—yielding 0.395 mg/mL caffeine and 27.039 μg/mL antioxidants, achieving a composite desirability value of 0.873. SEM analysis revealed significant structural degradation in the SWE-treated coffee extract, enhancing the release of caffeine and antioxidants by increasing porosity and cell wall disruption. This improved extraction efficiency, combined with SWE’s solvent-free nature and scalability, reinforces its role as an efficient method for extracting bioactive compounds from coffee, supporting its adoption as a green technology in sustainable food processing.
Co-Authors Didik Ariwibowo Mohamad Endy Y Yulianto Monawisya, Abitha Muhammad Rizki Sutrisno, Sutrisno Utari, Febiani Dwi Vita Paramita