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All Journal International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering
Thi, Minh-Hue Luong
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Computer Science & IT Electrical & Electronics Engineering

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Enhancing Autonomous GIS with DeepSeek-Coder: an open-source large language model approach Nguyen, Kim-Son; Nguyen, The-Vinh; Nguyen, Van-Viet; Thi, Minh-Hue Luong; Nguyen, Huu-Khanh; Nguyen, Duc-Binh
International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) Vol 16, No 1: February 2026
Publisher : Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11591/ijece.v16i1.pp423-436

Abstract

Large language models (LLMs) have paved a way for geographic information system (GIS) that can solve spatial problems with minimal human intervention. However, current commercial LLM-based GIS solutions pose many limitations for researchers, such as proprietary APIs, high operational costs, and internet connectivity requirements, making them inaccessible in resource-constrained environments. To overcome this, this paper introduced the LLM-Geo framework with the DS-GeoAI platform, integrating the DeepSeek-Coder model (the open-source, lightweight version deepseek-coder-1.3b-base) running directly on Google Colab. This approach eliminates API dependence, thus reducing deployment costs, and ensures data independence and sovereignty. Despite having only 1.3 billion parameters, DeepSeek-Coder proved to be highly effective: generating accurate Python code for complex spatial analysis, achieving a success rate comparable to commercial solutions. After an automated debugging step, the system achieved 90% accuracy across three case studies. With its strong error- handling capabilities and intelligent sample data generation, DS-GeoAI proves highly adaptable to real-world challenges. Quantitative results showed a cost reduction of up to 99% compared to API-based solutions, while expanding access to advanced geo-AI technology for organizations with limited resources.
Co-Authors Nguyen, Duc-Binh Nguyen, Huu-Khanh Nguyen, Kim-Son Nguyen, The-Vinh Nguyen, Van-Viet