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TABUGO, SHARON ROSE M.
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Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry

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Design, optimization, and validation of corn-strain-specific primers for fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda) detection in the Philippines LABONETE, HENSLY JOY P.; FULGENCIO, BEA KATRINA R.; ABATAY, MILLANIE P.; AMPANG, MAIMONA P.; ANCHETA, DONNAFE J.; GUMAL, SITTIE JAMELAH R.; JIMENEZ, ELGIE A.; MODINA, RIS MENOEL R.; YONGCO, JANNAH E.; TABUGO, SHARON ROSE M.
Asian Journal of Agriculture Vol. 9 No. 2 (2025)
Publisher : Smujo International

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/asianjagric/g090250

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Abstract. Labonete HJP, Fulgencio BKR, Abatay MP, Ampang MP, Ancheta DJ, Gumal SJR, Jimenez EA, Modina RMR, Yongco JE, Tabugo SRM. 2025. Design, optimization, and validation of corn-strain-specific primers for fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda) detection in the Philippines. Asian J Agric 9: 844-853. The fall armyworm Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) is an invasive pest that threatens corn production in the Philippines. The presence of morphologically identical corn- and rice-strains, each with distinct host preferences, complicates accurate identification. Molecular diagnostics are significant in understudied regions of the country, such as Mindanao where S. frugiperda invasions are rapidly expanding, with primers offering reliable support in pest surveillance. This study developed and optimized corn-strain-specific primers (FAWC1–FAWC5) using ancestral Cytochrome Oxidase I (COI) haplotypes (GenBank U72974, U72976) and Primer3 in Geneious Prime (v2023.2.1). In silico PCR and specificity assessments confirmed optimal primer characteristics (20-22 bp, 57.5-60.3 °C Tm, 50-55% GC), amplicon sizes of 100-250 bp, and absence of secondary structures. The standardized annealing temperature for amplification is 53.7°C to ensure efficient primer binding and workflow consistency. The applied step-wise experimental validation ensured that all primer sets adhered rigorous technical standards supported by wet-lab testing which narrowed the best-performing candidates to FAWC3, FAWC4, and FAWC5. Verification using larval samples collected from corn and rice fields in Davao Oriental and corn fields in Iligan City demonstrated reliable amplification. It confirmed the dominance of the corn-strain across the tested sites, strengthening geographic validation and consistency in primer performance fit for community-level monitoring FAWC4 exhibited broad corn-strain detection capability making it suitable for initial screening, while FAWC5 provided strong lineage-specific resolution within Philippine populations. Together, these primers form a dual-function molecular toolkit that enables accurate strain-level identification, strengthens regional monitoring programs, and supports evidence-based fall armyworm management strategies in Philippine corn-growing regions.
Antibiotic residues in poultry and food safety risks in North Cotabato, Philippines HADJI IBRAHIM, AYESHA B.; JUMAO-AS, CROMWEL M.; TAMPUS, ANNIELYN D.; TABUGO, SHARON ROSE M.; ADAMAT, LIZA A.; JOSE, MARK ANTHONY I.; TANABE, MARIA ELENA N.; AMPARADO, OLIVE A.
Asian Journal of Agriculture Vol. 9 No. 2 (2025)
Publisher : Smujo International

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/asianjagric/g090213

Abstract

Abstract. Hadji Ibrahim AB, Jumao-As CM, Tampus AD, Tabugo SRM, Adamat LA, Jose MAI, Tanabe MEN, Amparado OA. 2025. Antibiotic residues in poultry and food safety risks in North Cotabato, Philippines. Asian J Agric 9: 463-471. Poultry production in North Cotabato, Philippines, remains a key agricultural sector, yet the extent of antimicrobial residue contamination in retail chicken meat is poorly documented. This study aimed to detect and quantify antibiotic residues in organic and non-organic chicken meat sold in public wet markets using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Thirty-six whole dressed chickens (18 organic and 18 non-organic) were purchased across six municipalities, yielding 72 tissue samples (wings and legs). Six antibiotics namely doxycycline, enrofloxacin, norfloxacin, tilmicosin, amoxicillin, and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole were targeted. Doxycycline was the most frequently detected compound, present in 100% of non-organic and 50% of organic samples. Fluoroquinolones (enrofloxacin/norfloxacin) and tilmicosin (macrolide) were detected exclusively in non-organic leg tissues at frequencies of 66.7% and 50%, respectively. Residue concentrations ranged from <1.5 ?g/kg to 37.2 ?g/kg, with all values below Maximum Residue Limits (MRLs). No samples contained amoxicillin or trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole. While a two-way ANOVA revealed no significant differences in mean residue concentrations by chicken part or production type (p>0.05), Chi-square tests revealed significant differences in detection frequency by production type (p<0.001) and by municipality (p=0.029). Non-organic samples consistently exhibited higher detection rates, with Pikit and Pigkawayan identified as geographic hotspots. These findings expose gaps in residue withdrawal compliance, certification credibility, and traceability in informal retail markets. The detection of residues in uncertified “organic” chicken underscores the urgent need for strengthened organic certification enforcement, farmer education, and municipality-level surveillance to align with the Philippine AMR Action Plan and ASEAN regional goals.
Co-Authors ABATAY, MILLANIE P. ADAMAT, LIZA A. AMPANG, MAIMONA P. AMPARADO, OLIVE A. ANCHETA, DONNAFE J. FULGENCIO, BEA KATRINA R. GUMAL, SITTIE JAMELAH R. HADJI IBRAHIM, AYESHA B. JIMENEZ, ELGIE A. JOSE, MARK ANTHONY I. JUMAO-AS, CROMWEL M. LABONETE, HENSLY JOY P. MODINA, RIS MENOEL R. Tampus, Annielyn D. TANABE, MARIA ELENA N. YONGCO, JANNAH E.