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All Journal Nabatia House of Wisdom: Journal on Library and Information Sciences
Qader, Fadel Abbas
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Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Social Sciences

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Quantitative Evaluation of the Lethal Impact of High Temperature from Summer Sunlight on the Life Stages of the Sawtoothed Grain Beetle, Oryzaephilus surinamensis L. Under the climatic conditions of the city of Kirkuk. Mohammed, Nagham Abdulghani; Qader, Fadel Abbas
Nabatia Vol 14 No 1 (2026): June (In Progress)
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21070/nabatia.v14i1.1688

Abstract

This study aimed to evaluate the lethal efficacy of high temperatures from sunlight during July and August on the larvae and adults of the sawtoothed grain beetle, Oryzaephilus surinamensis L. Insect colonies were obtained from local wheat grain stores in Kirkuk markets, containing adult individuals of this insect. They were utilized by rearing them in an incubator at 30±2°C and 70±5% relative humidity in the laboratories of the College of Education for Women, Department of Life Sciences. The resulting larvae and adults were then used to conduct the experiments of this study. Advanced-stage larvae were taken and placed in Petri dishes at a rate of ten larvae per dish. Similarly, one-week-old adults were taken and placed in Petri dishes at a rate of ten adults per dish, with three replicates for each treatment. They were then exposed to direct sunlight using three exposure periods (10:00 AM, 12:00 PM, and 2:00 PM) for durations of (15, 30, 45) minutes during July and August 2025 under the conditions of Kirkuk city.
Adaptive Osmotic Filtration Mechanisms in Sap-Feeding Insects mohammed, Nagham Abdulghani; Qader, Fadel Abbas
House of Wisdom: Journal on Library and Information Sciences Vol. 1 No. 4: Desember
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21070/how.v1i4.280

Abstract

General Background: Sap-feeding insects consume diets rich in water but poor in essential nutrients, creating major physiological challenges. Specific Background: Many Hemipteran insects possess a specialized digestive modification known as the filter chamber that facilitates sap processing. Knowledge Gap: Although its anatomical presence is well documented, an integrated understanding of its functional mechanisms, molecular basis, and evolutionary diversification remains limited. Aims: This review synthesizes current anatomical, physiological, and molecular findings on the insect filter chamber, with emphasis on digestion, absorption, and evolutionary specialization. Results: Evidence shows that the filter chamber enables rapid osmotic transfer of excess water and sugars from the foregut–midgut directly to the hindgut, supported by aquaporins and sugar transporters, thereby optimizing nutrient retention and metabolic efficiency. Structural complexity varies across taxa, reflecting host-plant adaptation. Novelty: The article integrates classical morphology with recent molecular insights to present the filter chamber as a dynamic regulatory system rather than a passive structure. Implications: Understanding filter chamber function offers prospects for targeted pest management strategies through disruption of specific transport pathways while reducing reliance on broad-spectrum insecticides.Highlights: The filter chamber regulates water and sugar balance during sap feeding. Structural variation reflects evolutionary adaptation to host plants. Transport proteins present potential targets for selective pest control. Keywords:Filter Chamber; Sap-Feeding Insects; Osmotic Regulation; Aquaporins; Digestive Adaptation
Co-Authors Mohammed, Nagham Abdulghani