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All Journal BIOTROPIA - The Southeast Asian Journal of Tropical Biology
A. Daguinod, Shereyl
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Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Immunology & microbiology Veterinary

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CHARACTERIZATION AND POTENTIAL UTILIZATION OF STRING BAMBOO (GIGANTOCHLOA APUS) Marasigan, Oliver; A. Daguinod, Shereyl
BIOTROPIA Vol. 32 No. 3 (2025): BIOTROPIA Vol. 32 No. 3 December 2025
Publisher : SEAMEO BIOTROP

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11598/btb.2025.32.3.2506

Abstract

HIGHLIGHTS- Gigantochloa apus shows strong potential for structural and engineered uses.- Axial and nodal variations significantly affect bamboo fiber anatomy.- Relative density and strength make G. apus suitable for construction and furniture.- Derived fiber ratios indicate limited papermaking suitability.- G. apus offers broad utilization potential for sustainable industriesABSTRACTThis study assessed the morphological, anatomical, derived ratio, and physico-mechanical properties of string bamboo (Gigantochloa apus [Schult.f.] Kurz ex Munro) grown in Baguio City, Philippines, to establish comprehensive property data and explore potential applications. Six mature culms were sampled and tested for its properties following the IAWA, ISO, and ASTM standards. Results revealed that culm diameter and wall thickness decreased significantly by 37.30% and 46.60%, respectively, toward the top portion. Anatomical analysis showed significant decreases in fiber length, fiber diameter, lumen diameter, and cell wall thickness by 15.33%, 13.86%, 24.05%, and 8.43%, respectively, from bottom to top. All derived ratios varied significantly between the node and internode portions. The node portion exhibited higher values for cell wall fraction, Runkel ratio, Muhlsteph ratio, rigidity coefficient, and Luce’s shape factor. Radial and volumetric shrinkage decreased by 29.47% and 31.01%, respectively, toward the top, while shear strength dropped by 47.20%. In contrast, basic relative density, modulus of rupture, modulus of elasticity, and compression strength showed no significant variation along the culm. These findings highlight that G. apus is suitable for diverse applications including furniture, handicrafts, construction, engineered bamboo, and biomass products.
PHYSICO-MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF THAILAND AND YELLOW BAMBOO PLANTED IN LAGUNA AND BENGUET, PHILIPPINES S. Marasigan, Oliver; Angelo M. Mundin, Mario; A. Daguinod, Shereyl; F. Villareal, Jayric
BIOTROPIA Vol. 33 No. 2 (2026): BIOTROPIA Vol. 33 No. 2 May 2026
Publisher : SEAMEO BIOTROP

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11598/btb.2026.33.2.2542

Abstract

ARTICLE HIGLIGHTS- Thailand bamboo showed higher density and strength for structural use- Yellow bamboo suited for composites, crafts, and fiber boards- Species, site, and culm height influence bamboo performanceABSTRACTBamboo is gaining recognition as a sustainable construction material, but data on the physico-mechanical properties of species grown in the Philippines remain limited. This study assessed Thailand bamboo (Thyrsostachys siamensis Gamble) and yellow bamboo (Bambusa vulgaris Schrad. ex J.C. Wendl.) planted in Laguna and Benguet. Tests were conducted following ASTM D143 (2019) and ISO 22157 (2019) standards, focusing on moisture content (MC), basic relative density (RD), shrinkage, static bending, compression (CPG), and shear strength parallel to the grain (SS). Significant interspecies differences were observed. Yellow bamboo exhibited higher MC (34%), radial (32%), tangential (92%), and volumetric shrinkage (53%), while Thailand bamboo had 29% higher RD, indicating better mechanical performance. Location influenced several properties, i.e., yellow bamboo from Laguna showed 46% higher MC, while Benguet samples showed higher modulus of elasticity and stress at the proportional limit. Thailand bamboo from Laguna had a 7% higher modulus of rupture, while yellow bamboo from Benguet showed 42% increase compared to Laguna. Thailand bamboo from Benguet showed higher CPG and SS, though yellow bamboo from Laguna outperformed in these properties. Axial position affected MC, shrinkage, CPG, and SS, but node presence did not influence CPG and SS. The higher density and strength of Thailand bamboo make it ideal for structural applications, whereas the larger culm and softer fibers of yellow bamboo are ideal for handicrafts, composites boards, and bioenergy.
Co-Authors Angelo M. Mundin, Mario F. Villareal, Jayric Marasigan, Oliver S. Marasigan, Oliver