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All Journal Al-Qarawiyyin: Jurnal Ilmu Ushuluddin Hamidah: Jurnal Ilmu Hadis
Falah , Muhammad
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Religion Humanities Education Social Sciences Other

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The Contribution of Astronomy in Determining the Direction of the Qibla and the Hijri Calendar in the 8th–14th Centuries CE Abdullah, Choirul; Falah , Muhammad; Taufiqurrahman, Taufiqurrahman; Abdullah, Mahfazul Alam bin
Al-Qarawiyyin: Jurnal Ilmu Ushuluddin Vol. 1 No. 4 (2025): The Golden Age of Islam
Publisher : Yayasan Albahriah Jamiah Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.64691/3ww03e18

Abstract

Astronomy from the 8th to 14th centuries CE played a crucial role in meeting the practical needs of Muslims, particularly in determining the direction of the Qibla and establishing the Hijri calendar, which requires precise geographical orientation and timing of worship. Although the traditional practice of rukyat (seeing the sun) has been used, modern literature has not systematically evaluated the contribution of classical astronomy theories and instruments to the accuracy of worship and religious administration. This study aims to describe the contributions of classical astronomers, such as al-Khwārizmī, al-Battānī, al-Bīrūnī, Naṣr al-Dīn al-Ṭūsī, Ibn Yūnus, and Ibn Shāṭir, in the development of instruments, observation methods, and mathematical calculations, and to evaluate their influence on the accuracy of the Qibla direction and the Hijri calendar. The technique used is qualitative-historical, with the exploration of classical astronomical works, manuscripts, and contemporary literature, analyzed critically and hermeneutically to assess astronomical instruments’ methodological innovation and accuracy. The results of the study show that astronomical scientists such as al-Khwārizmī, al-Battānī, al-Bīrūnī, Naṣr al-Dīn al-Ṭūsī, Ibn Yūnus, and Ibn Shāṭir succeeded in developing the theory of spherical trigonometry, methods for measuring the sun’s shadow, and observation instruments such as astrolabes and mural quadrants, thus ensuring the accuracy of the direction of the Qibla in various Islamic regions. In the context of the Hijri calendar, their innovations resulted in more accurate astronomical calculations to determine the beginning of the month, reducing dependence solely on traditional rukyat and supporting state administration and navigation. In conclusion, the contribution of classical astronomy was not only practical in supporting ritual needs but also provided a methodological foundation for modern astronomy, emphasizing the importance of integration between empirical observation and mathematical theory in the development of Islamic science.
Al-Quran, Hadis, dan Teknologi: Potensi dan Tantangan dalam Penyebaran Ajaran Islam di Dunia Maya Abdullah, Choirul; Falah , Muhammad
Hamidah: Jurnal Ilmu Hadis Vol. 1 No. 1 (2025): Hadith and Digitalization
Publisher : Yayasan Albahriah Jamiah Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.64691/tegcfp35

Abstract

This article comprehensively examines the relationship between the Quran, Hadith, and modern technology in the context of the spread of Islamic teachings in cyberspace, highlighting the potential of digital da’wah as well as the accompanying epistemological and ethical challenges. This research is motivated by the fundamental transformation in religious communication patterns resulting from the digital revolution, which has enabled Islamic texts, especially the Quran and Hadith, to be widely disseminated through highly accessible online platforms, but also presents the risk of disinformation and the degradation of scholarly authority. The purpose of this research is to analyze the extent to which digital technology can be optimized in transmitting Islamic values ​​​​authenticly and authentically and to identify problems that arise in the process of digitizing Islamic teaching sources. The method used is a qualitative study with a content analysis approach to various digital da’wah platforms, Quran and Hadith applications, and scientific literature related to digital religion and Islamic communication studies. The results show that the integration of information technology in the spread of Islamic teachings has great potential to expand the reach of da’wah, increase religious literacy, and strengthen global community connectivity. However, the results also indicate the emergence of serious challenges such as the distortion of the meaning of religious texts due to social media algorithms, the decline of the authority of religious scholars in the digital space, and interpretive bias due to the use of artificial intelligence without scientific validation. Thus, the study’s conclusions emphasize the need for an Islamic digital literacy model based on Islamic epistemological principles and Quranic communication ethics so that technology becomes not only a means of dissemination but also a guardian of the authenticity of God’s message in the digital age.
Co-Authors Abdullah, Choirul Abdullah, Mahfazul Alam bin Taufiqurrahman Taufiqurrahman