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All Journal JURNAL NASIONAL TEKNIK ELEKTRO Jurnal Teknik Elektro
Fariz Maulana Rizanulhaq
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Electrical & Electronics Engineering

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Techno-Economic of Rooftop Solar Power Plants for Residential Customer in Indonesia Putri, Dianing Novita Nurmala; Fariz Maulana Rizanulhaq; Tyas Kartika Sari; Maula Sukma Widjaja; Chairul Gagarin Irianto
Jurnal Teknik Elektro Vol. 16 No. 2 (2024)
Publisher : LPPM Universitas Negeri Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/jte.v16i2.14514

Abstract

This study evaluates the financial viability of grid-connected rooftop photovoltaic (PV) systems across seven Indonesian residential types (2.75-19.8 kWp) under current market conditions. Using a discounted cash flow model with 8% discount rate and a 20-year project lifetime, key metrics including Net Present Value (NPV), Levelized Cost of Electricity (LCOE), and payback period have been analysed. Results demonstrate that system economics improve significantly with scale: while small systems (2.75 kWp) yield negative NPV (-Rp 9.71 million) and 12.4-year payback, larger installations (>7.7 kWp) achieve positive NPV (up to Rp 89.95 million for 19.8 kWp systems) and sub-10-year payback periods. The LCOE ranges from Rp 1,082-1,205/kWh, representing 11-36% cost savings compared to PLN's tiered tariffs (Rp 1,352-1,699.53/kWh). Monthly savings scale proportionally with system size, from Rp 323,378 (2.75 kWp) to Rp 2.84 million (19.8 kWp). A critical 7.7 kWp capacity threshold emerges for self-sustaining viability without subsidies, with 3500+ VA customers benefiting most due to higher avoided tariffs. These findings provide policymakers with evidence to design tiered incentive programs targeting underperforming market segments (<6 kWp systems), while confirming the commercial readiness of larger residential-commercial hybrid systems in Indonesia's solar transition.
Performance and Techno-economic Analysis of a 1.82 kWp Rooftop PV System in the Tropical Climate of Indonesia: A Simulation vs Reality Approach Rifaldi Wahyu Santoso; Dionova, Brainvendra Widi; Hamzah Eteruddin; Kalvin Saputra; Oo Abdul Rosyid; Fariz Maulana Rizanulhaq; Muhammad Irsyad Abdullah
JURNAL NASIONAL TEKNIK ELEKTRO Vol 15, No 1: March 2026
Publisher : Jurusan Teknik Elektro Universitas Andalas

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25077/jnte.v15n1.1427.2026

Abstract

The utilization of renewable energy through rooftop photovoltaic (PV) systems serves as a strategic solution for mitigating climate change; however, their performance in tropical climates often exhibits a deviation between theoretical predictions and field reality. This study aims to evaluate the technical performance and economic viability of an on-grid 1.82 kWp rooftop PV system in Indonesia. The research employs a comparative quantitative approach by validating PVsyst simulation results against actual measurement data recorded from April to July 2024. The findings indicate a simulation overestimation, where actual energy production was 30.3% to 40.5% lower than PVsyst projections. A significant discrepancy was also observed in the Performance Ratio (PR), with the actual PR reaching only 55-59%, substantially lower than the simulated 81-82%. Despite these technical inconsistencies, the economic analysis confirms the project's financial feasibility. Under a 5.25% interest rate scenario, the study yielded a Net Present Value (NPV) of IDR 15.88 million, a Benefit-Cost Ratio (BCR) of 1.50, a Payback Period of 9.8 years, and a Levelized Cost of Electricity (LCOE) of IDR 974.88/kWh, more competitive than the national utility (PLN) tariffs. In conclusion, although tropical environmental factors such as high temperatures and dust accumulation reduce technical efficiency, rooftop PV investment in Indonesia maintains strong profitability and remains viable for implementation.
Co-Authors Brainvendra Widi Dionova Chairul Gagarin Irianto Hamzah Eteruddin Kalvin Saputra Maula Sukma Widjaja Muhammad Irsyad Abdullah Oo Abdul Rosyid Putri, Dianing Novita Nurmala Rifaldi Wahyu Santoso Tyas Kartika Sari