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All Journal Zabags International Journal of Islamic Studies
Muhammad Tang
Institut Islam Al-Mujaddid Sabak, Tanjung Jabung Timur, Jambi, Indonesia
Religion Economics, Econometrics & Finance Education Social Sciences Other

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Akad in Digital Business: A Study of Fiqh Muamalah on Marketplace and E-Commerce Muhammad Tang; Nilfatri Nilfatri
Zabags International Journal of Islamic Studies Vol. 1 No. 2 (2024): Islamic Studies
Publisher : Zabags Qu Publish

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.61233/zijis.v1i2.9

Abstract

The development of digital technology has driven a major transformation in the business world, particularly through the emergence of marketplaces and e-commerce. This situation creates the need to reexamine the concept of contracts (akad) in Fiqh Muamalah so that they can be applied relevantly in the digital context. This article aims to examine the types of contracts that occur in marketplace and e-commerce practices and their conformity with Sharia principles. The research method used is library research by analyzing classical and contemporary literature on contracts, as well as fatwas from modern Islamic financial institutions. The study's findings show that digital transaction practices can be categorized into several types of contracts, such as bai’ (sale), wakalah (agency), and ju’alah (reward-based service), each of which can be adapted to Islamic legal provisions. By fulfilling the pillars and conditions of the contract and avoiding elements of uncertainty (gharar) and interest (riba), digital transactions in e-commerce can be categorized as valid according to Islamic law
The Law of Guardianship in Marriage According to Madhhab Scholars Muhammad Tang; Nilfatri
Zabags International Journal of Islamic Studies Vol. 2 No. 1 (2025): Islamic Studies
Publisher : Zabags Qu Publish

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.61233/zijis.v2i1.12

Abstract

Guardianship in the marriage contract is one of the key elements in Islamic marriage law and serves as a main differentiator between the views of various scholarly schools of thought (madhhabs). The presence of a guardian (wali) is seen as a form of protection for women in a sacred contract that has significant implications for marital life. This article examines the views of the four major Islamic legal schools—Hanafi, Maliki, Shafi’i, and Hanbali—on the legal status of the wali in marriage, including the form and conditions of guardianship, as well as the legal consequences if a marriage contract is conducted without a wali. Using a literature review methodology on classical and contemporary texts, this study finds a significant difference between the Hanafi madhhab, which allows adult women to marry without a wali, and the other madhhabs, which require the presence of a wali for the validity of the marriage contract. These differences arise not only from divergent legal reasoning but also from differing views on women's autonomy and the concept of protection in Islamic law. This study highlights the importance of understanding madhhab differences as a rich source of Islamic legal heritage, as well as the urgency of ijtihad in responding to contemporary social and legal needs.
Co-Authors Nilfatri Nilfatri Nilfatri