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All Journal Leges Privatae Journal of Strafvordering Indonesian
Henny Saida Flora
FH Universitas Katolik Santo Thomas
Law, Crime, Criminology & Criminal Justice

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Civil Liability in Medical Malpractice Cases in Private Hospitals Henny Saida Flora
Leges Privatae Vol. 2 No. 2 (2025): AUGUST-JOY
Publisher : PT. Anagata Sembagi Education

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.62872/1s5tay94

Abstract

This study examines civil liability in medical malpractice cases in private hospitals in Indonesia, which still face legal uncertainty due to the difference in the basis of claims between unlawful acts and breach of contract, as well as the limited application of the vicarious liability principle. This study uses a normative juridical method with a statutory, conceptual, and case-based approach, utilizing secondary data from legal literature, regulations, and court decisions related to medical malpractice. The results show that the application of vicarious liability in private hospitals is often hampered by the partnership-based working relationship between doctors, allowing hospitals to avoid direct liability. Furthermore, disharmony between the Civil Code, the Health Law, the Hospital Law, and the Consumer Protection Law creates evidentiary obstacles and jurisprudential inconsistencies. The discussion underscores the need for regulatory harmonization, national guidelines for proving medical malpractice, and affirmation of the direct liability of private hospitals to strengthen patient legal protection. In conclusion, increasing legal certainty and patient protection requires regulatory reform and consistent application of the civil liability principle, which is also expected to encourage improved quality of healthcare services in private hospitals.
Governing through Penal Policy: Criminal Law and State Control Mechanisms Henny Saida Flora; Pramidazzura Alifa Rifqi
Journal of Strafvordering Indonesian Vol. 2 No. 6 (2026): JOSI - JANUARY
Publisher : PT. Anagata Sembagi Education

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.62872/k0n6rc71

Abstract

Contemporary criminal law increasingly functions not only as an instrument for addressing crime but also as a mechanism of state control. The phenomenon of governing through penal policy reflects a shift in the role of criminal law from ultimum remedium toward a regulatory tool used to manage social behavior and political stability. This article examines the normative ambiguity surrounding the legitimacy of penal policy as a means of governance and its implications for the rule of law and human rights protection. Employing a normative juridical approach with critical and prescriptive analysis, the study reveals that the expansion of criminalization often lacks clear normative parameters, leading to overcriminalization, erosion of civil liberties, and legal uncertainty. Such developments risk undermining the legitimacy of criminal law and transforming it into an instrument of power rather than justice. The article argues for the necessity of normative limits on penal policy through the reaffirmation of the ultimum remedium principle, proportionality, and constitutional review mechanisms to safeguard democratic legal order and human rights.
Co-Authors Pramidazzura Alifa Rifqi