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All Journal Journal of Digitalization in Physics Education (JDPE)
Ratna Purnamawati
State University of Surabaya
Computer Science & IT Decision Sciences, Operations Research & Management Education Industrial & Manufacturing Engineering Physics Social Sciences

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Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) of PhET Simulation-Based Innovation in Rigid Body Equilibrium Learning to Enhance Students’ Conceptual Understanding Hanan Zaki Alhusni; Ratna Purnamawati; Binar Kurnia Prahani; Titin Sunarti; Riski Ramadani; Iqbal Ainur Rizki
Journal of Digitalization in Physics Education Vol. 1 No. 3 (2025): December
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Surabaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26740/jdpe.v1i3.42475

Abstract

Objective: This study aimed to analyze the validity and reliability of an instrument developed to measure students’ perceptions of PhET simulation–based innovations in learning rigid body equilibrium. The research sought to determine whether the instrument accurately captured students’ conceptual understanding, engagement, and satisfaction while also identifying latent factors underlying their responses through Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA). Method: The study employed a quantitative survey approach with 25 Likert-scale items distributed to students in one secondary school. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin (KMO), and Bartlett's test for sampling adequacy, followed by EFA with Varimax rotation. Reliability testing was conducted through Cronbach's Alpha to evaluate the internal consistency of extracted factors. Results:  The findings revealed that the instrument achieved strong overall reliability (Cronbach’s α = .909). EFA identified nine distinct factors, extending beyond the original five theoretical dimensions of ease of use, engagement, conceptual clarity, collaboration, and satisfaction. While the first five factors demonstrated high reliability (α > .75), Factors 6–9 exhibited weaker reliability, indicating the need for refinement. These results confirm that PhET simulations effectively enhance conceptual understanding and engagement, but also reveal additional dimensions of students’ learning experiences. Novelty: This study contributes to physics education research by providing a validated multidimensional instrument for evaluating PhET-based learning in rigid body equilibrium. The emergence of nine empirical factors highlights the complex nature of students’ perceptions and underscores the need for more nuanced measurement tools. Unlike prior research focusing solely on conceptual gains, this study emphasizes the psychometric validation of students’ experiences, offering a novel framework for assessing technology integration in physics education.
Identification of Students' Creative Thinking Ability in Solving Open-Ended Problems on Rigid Object Equilibrium Material Using Digital-Based Assessment Ratna Purnamawati; Wasis Wasis; Muhammad Satriawan
Journal of Digitalization in Physics Education Vol. 2 No. 2 (2026): August
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Surabaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26740/jdpe.v2i2.57668

Abstract

Objective: To identify students' creative thinking ability in solving open-ended problems on rigid object equilibrium material through digital-based assessment at SMA Negeri 1 Badegan. Method: A descriptive quantitative method involving 108 eleventh-grade students at SMA Negeri 1 Badegan. Data were collected through observation, documentation, and open-ended problem tests administered digitally using Google Form integrated with a learning management system (LMS). Students' creative thinking ability was analyzed based on four indicators: fluency, flexibility, originality, and elaboration. The data analysis was conducted by calculating the percentage of achievement for each indicator and categorizing students' creative thinking ability levels. Results: The results showed that students' creative thinking ability in solving open-ended problems on rigid object equilibrium material was still relatively low. The fluency indicator obtained an average achievement score of 42.98% (poor category), flexibility reached 30.53% (very poor category), originality obtained 20.35% (very poor category), and elaboration reached 25.61% (very poor category). The findings indicate that students experienced difficulties in generating diverse ideas, producing original solutions, and providing detailed explanations when solving open-ended physics problems. The utilization of digital platforms through Google Form and LMS facilitated systematic data collection, efficient response management, and documentation of students' creative thinking performance. Novelty: The novelty of this study lies in the identification of students' creative thinking ability in rigid object equilibrium material through digital-based assessment. The integration of digital platforms as a data collection medium provides an efficient approach for analyzing students' responses to open-ended physics problems and contributes to the development of technology-supported physics assessment practices.
Co-Authors Binar Kurnia Prahani Hanan Zaki Alhusni Iqbal Ainur Rizki Muhammad Satriawan Riski Ramadani Titin Sunarti Wasis Wasis