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STEM Integration in 21st-Century Science Education: A Systematic Literature Review Paramita Putri Apriyani; Ni Ketut Anggriani; Gunawan Gunawan
Indonesian Journal of Applied Science and Technology Vol. 6 No. 2 (2025): Edisi Juli-Desember 2025
Publisher : Indonesian

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Abstract

Technological developments, digitalization, and the demands of 21st-century skills necessitate science education to be more innovative, contextual, and integrative. International reports, such as PISA, underscore the need to enhance students' higher-order thinking skills (HOTS) and scientific literacy. The integration of Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) has emerged as a relevant and effective approach. This study aims to analyze the models, strategies, trends, and challenges of implementing STEM integration in science learning through a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) of articles published between 2015 and 2025. The methodology followed the PRISMA guidelines, encompassing identification, screening, and inclusion of articles retrieved from Scopus, Web of Science, ERIC, and Google Scholar databases. From a total of 762 articles, 27 met the inclusion criteria. The results indicate that the Engineering Design Process (EDP), Project-Based Learning STEM (PjBL-STEM), Problem-Based Learning STEM (PBL-STEM), and Integrated STEM models are the most dominantly implemented and have been proven to enhance HOTS, creativity, technological literacy, scientific literacy, and problem-solving skills. Key challenges include teacher competence, limited facilities, and curriculum integration. STEM integration holds significant potential to improve the quality of 21st-century science education. These findings provide practical implications for science teachers in designing contextual, collaborative, and 21st-century skill-oriented STEM learning through the effective utilization of EDP, PjBL-STEM, and digital technologies.
Artificial Intelligence in Primary Science Education: A Systematic Literature Review Paramita Putri Apriyani; Ni Ketut Anggriani; Gunawan Gunawan
Indonesian Journal of Innovation and Educational Technology Vol. 1 No. 1 (2026): Edisi Januari-Juni 2026
Publisher : Indonesian Publication Center

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Abstract

The development of artificial intelligence (AI) has driven significant transformations in learning through adaptive, personalized, and data-driven systems, including in primary education. In elementary science education, AI has the potential to support conceptual understanding and differentiated learning from early stages of cognitive development. This study aims to map research trends, dominant types of AI technologies, pedagogical impacts, and implementation challenges of AI in elementary science learning. A Systematic Literature Review (SLR) was conducted following PRISMA guidelines. Literature searches were carried out in the Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar databases, covering articles published between 2016 and 2025. Of the 312 articles identified, 33 met the inclusion criteria and were analyzed qualitatively. The findings indicate a significant increase in research on AI in elementary science education in the post–COVID-19 period, with adaptive learning technologies and intelligent tutoring systems dominating the field and contributing to improvements in students’ cognitive learning outcomes and learning motivation. However, the use of AI to support higher-order science process skills remains limited. The main challenges include teachers’ pedagogical readiness, infrastructure disparities, and ethical issues related to student data protection. This review highlights the need for more contextual, pedagogically oriented, and sustainable approaches and policies in the integration of AI into elementary science education.