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All Journal International Journal of Engineering Continuity
Andi Amar Thahara
Department of Petrochemical Instrumentation Technology, Politeknik Industri Petrokimia Banten, Banten, Indonesia
Civil Engineering, Building, Construction & Architecture Computer Science & IT Electrical & Electronics Engineering Engineering Materials Science & Nanotechnology Mechanical Engineering

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Comparative Study of PSO, GA, and ACO for Optimizing Dielectric Performance in Fly Ash Filled Silicone Rubber Andi Amar Thahara; Christiono Christiono; Miftahul Fikri; Iwa Garniwa M. K.; Mohammad Wirandi
International Journal of Engineering Continuity Vol. 4 No. 2 (2025): ijec
Publisher : Sultan Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58291/ijec.v4i2.439

Abstract

This study investigates the optimization of coal fly ash composition as a filler in Silicone Rubber (SiR) insulator materials, aiming to enhance their dielectric characteristics. Compositional optimization was achieved by evaluating and comparing three advanced meta-heuristic algorithms Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO), Genetic Algorithm (GA), and Ant Colony Optimization (ACO), using the Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) and Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE) as performance metrics. The utilized fly ash, containing dominant silica, alumina, and iron oxides, was directly incorporated into the SiR matrix. Results indicate that, compared to PSO, GA and ACO exhibited superior performance and consistency. Specifically, for Relative Permittivity, the optimal composition of 80% yielded the lowest errors with GA and ACO (RMSE = 0.0751; MAPE = 0.9044). For Hydrophobicity, these two algorithms showed superior accuracy in the RMSE metric (RMSE = 0.8883) at 15.39% loading. These findings underscore the scientific contribution of this study by establishing the superior reliability of GA and ACO for optimizing fly ash composition in SiR, thus providing a robust analytical methodology to advance the use of industrial waste for high-performance dielectric materials.
Integrating ISO 50001 and PDCA Cycle for Continuous Energy Performance Improvement in Higher Education Buildings Dwi Listiawati; Christiono Christiono; Ishvandono Yunaini A; Miftahul Fikri; Andi Amar Thahara
International Journal of Engineering Continuity Vol. 5 No. 1 (2026): IJEC
Publisher : Sultan Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58291/ijec.v5i1.472

Abstract

This study proposes a systematic framework for energy performance improvement in institutional facilities by integrating technical auditing with the ISO 50001:2018 standard. Utilizing the Plan-Do-Check-Act (PDCA) cycle, a comprehensive energy baseline for the ITPLN Building was established based on 2024 data, revealing an annual consumption of 1,405,600.80 kWh. In the Check phase, the calculated Energy Consumption Intensity (IKE) of 104.78 kWh/m²/year classified the building as Efficient under ESDM Regulation No. 3/2025. Quantitative analysis identified HVAC (57%) and Lighting (18%) as primary drivers, necessitated by an average ambient temperature of 30°C. To address inefficiencies, the Act phase formulated strategic Energy Saving Opportunities (ESO) such as LED retrofitting and AC standardization. These interventions are projected to reduce consumption by 42,168.02 kWh/year, lowering the IKE to 101.6 kWh/m²/year—a 3% efficiency gain. The study concludes that integrating ISO 50001 with physical audit data provides a replicable and economically measurable strategy for optimizing energy performance, with systematic maintenance recommended to ensure long-term operational sustainability.
Co-Authors Christiono Christiono Dwi Listiawati Ishvandono Yunaini A Iwa Garniwa M. K. Miftahul Fikri Mohammad Wirandi