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All Journal ALQALAM Indo Green Journal Indo Green Journal
Siti Suniah
Universitas Islam Negeri Sultan Maulana Hasanuddin Banten, Indonesia
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Reassessing Sayyid Usman bin Yahya’s Critique of Sufism in Contemporary Indonesia Siti Suniah
Al Qalam Vol. 42 No. 2 (2025): December
Publisher : Center for Research and Community Service of UIN Sultan Maulana Hasanuddin Banten-Serang City-Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.32678/alqalam.v42i2.12509

Abstract

The transformation of Sufi practices within Indonesia’s urban setting has prompted sustained discussions concerning religious authority, orthodoxy, and engagement with modernity. In Jakarta, the rise of neo-Sufism, urban Sufism, and digitally mediated religiosity illustrates the dynamic interaction between continuity and change in Islamic spiritual traditions. This study explores Sayyid Usman bin Yahya’s nineteenth-century critique of Sufi practices and examines its relevance to the development of modern Islamic thought in Jakarta. Utilizing library research and qualitative content analysis, the study engages with Sayyid Usman’s primary texts alongside contemporary scholarly works on Sufism. The findings indicate that his opposition to religious innovations, superstitious practices, and the excessive veneration of spiritual authorities played a significant role in shaping a Sharia-oriented model of urban Sufism. This model emphasizes the primacy of the Qur’an and Hadith, promotes rational engagement in spiritual life, and demonstrates adaptability to metropolitan social conditions. By connecting classical critiques of local Sufi traditions with contemporary forms of urban religiosity, this study addresses an important gap in the literature and contributes to broader discussions on Islamic education, digital da‘wah, and Muslim identity formation in modern urban contexts.
Reconsidering Liberal Human Rights: Epistemological and Ethical Criticism in the Perspective of Al-Ghazali's Thought Bayu Asep Saputra; Siti Suniah
Indo Green Journal Vol. 4 No. 3 (2026): Green 2026
Publisher : Published by Institut Teknologi Pendidikan Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31004/green.v4i3.662

Abstract

This study aims to re-examine the epistemological foundations and ethical dimensions of liberal human rights through the perspective of Al-Ghazali. Liberal human rights, which are rooted in secular rationalism, place individual freedom as the central principle in determining moral values and human conduct. However, this paradigm is often criticized for neglecting transcendental dimensions and creating space for moral relativism. This research employs a qualitative approach using library research methods. The data were collected from the major works of Al-Ghazali, scholarly books, academic journals, and relevant literature discussing liberal philosophy and modern human rights discourse. The analysis was conducted using descriptive-analytical and comparative-critical methods to examine the differences between liberal human rights and Al-Ghazali’s ethical and epistemological framework, particularly regarding freedom, morality, and public welfare. The findings reveal that the epistemology of liberal human rights, which relies heavily on human reason, has limitations in establishing absolute moral standards. According to Al-Ghazali, true knowledge should integrate reason, revelation, and spiritual intuition (kashf). Furthermore, human freedom cannot be separated from moral responsibility and the divine purpose of humanity as both servant and steward of God on earth. Al-Ghazali’s concepts of tazkiyat al-nafs (purification of the soul) and maqasid al-shariah offer an alternative framework that balances individual rights with social welfare and spiritual values. Therefore, Al-Ghazali’s critique of liberal human rights remains highly relevant in addressing contemporary moral and spiritual crises while providing a more holistic, value-oriented, and spiritually grounded understanding of human right
Reconsidering Liberal Human Rights: Epistemological and Ethical Criticism in the Perspective of Al-Ghazali's Thought Bayu Asep Saputra; Siti Suniah
Indo Green Journal Vol. 4 No. 3 (2026): Green 2026
Publisher : Published by Institut Teknologi Pendidikan Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31004/green.v4i3.662

Abstract

This study aims to re-examine the epistemological foundations and ethical dimensions of liberal human rights through the perspective of Al-Ghazali. Liberal human rights, which are rooted in secular rationalism, place individual freedom as the central principle in determining moral values and human conduct. However, this paradigm is often criticized for neglecting transcendental dimensions and creating space for moral relativism. This research employs a qualitative approach using library research methods. The data were collected from the major works of Al-Ghazali, scholarly books, academic journals, and relevant literature discussing liberal philosophy and modern human rights discourse. The analysis was conducted using descriptive-analytical and comparative-critical methods to examine the differences between liberal human rights and Al-Ghazali’s ethical and epistemological framework, particularly regarding freedom, morality, and public welfare. The findings reveal that the epistemology of liberal human rights, which relies heavily on human reason, has limitations in establishing absolute moral standards. According to Al-Ghazali, true knowledge should integrate reason, revelation, and spiritual intuition (kashf). Furthermore, human freedom cannot be separated from moral responsibility and the divine purpose of humanity as both servant and steward of God on earth. Al-Ghazali’s concepts of tazkiyat al-nafs (purification of the soul) and maqasid al-shariah offer an alternative framework that balances individual rights with social welfare and spiritual values. Therefore, Al-Ghazali’s critique of liberal human rights remains highly relevant in addressing contemporary moral and spiritual crises while providing a more holistic, value-oriented, and spiritually grounded understanding of human right
Co-Authors Bayu Asep Saputra