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All Journal International Journal of Marine Engineering Innovation and Research
I Putu Sindhu Asmara
Departement of Safety and Risk Engineering, Surabaya State Shipbuilding Polytechnic, Surabaya, 60111, Indonesia.
Automotive Engineering Control & Systems Engineering Decision Sciences, Operations Research & Management Electrical & Electronics Engineering Energy Engineering Environmental Science Industrial & Manufacturing Engineering Materials Science & Nanotechnology Mechanical Engineering Physics Transportation

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Determining Tugboat Initial Speed Limit to Avoid Collision with Jetty at Paciran Port Esqy Dhiya’ul Fuady; I Putu Sindhu Asmara; Imam Sutrisno
International Journal of Marine Engineering Innovation and Research Vol. 10 No. 3 (2025)
Publisher : Department of Marine Engineering, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.12962/j25481479.v10i3

Abstract

Paciran Port experiences growing vessel activity, particularly from limestone barges, highlighting the critical need for safe port operations. Ship berthing inherently carries risks, including potential collisions with the jetty. This study aims to determine the maximum safe initial speed limit for tugboats assisting barge berthing at Paciran Port, to prevent such incidents. We employed a simulation method based on the Maneuvering Modelling Group using MATLAB software. The MMG model considered various environmental factors, including water depth, wind forces, and current effects. The novelty of this paper lies in the integration of the CFD method and MMG to determine hull forces and moments. Hydrodynamic coefficients were obtained from Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) analysis and empirical formulas. Berthing speed acceptance criteria were based on PIANC standards. Our simulations, conducted across three environmental conditions and multiple initial speed variations, revealed that an initial speed of 5 knots resulted in "Unfavourable" berthing conditions, increasing collision risk. Conversely, initial speeds below 5 knots consistently allowed for safe berthing, with final speeds remaining below 0.3 m/s, meeting PIANC's Favourable to Moderate criteria. We conclude that the maximum acceptable initial tugboat speed at Paciran Port, to avoid jetty collisions during tugboat-assisted berthing, is below 4 knots.
Safety Analysis of Ferry Passenger Vessels Using the Formal Safety Assessment (FSA) Method Ahmad Rafii Ahmad Rafii; I Putu Sindhu Asmara; Dika Rahayu Widiana
International Journal of Marine Engineering Innovation and Research Vol. 11 No. 3 (2026): In Progress
Publisher : Department of Marine Engineering, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.12962/j25481479.v11i3

Abstract

Despite strict maritime regulations in Indonesia, ferry accidents remain a significant concern, often caused by human error and navigational failures. This research evaluates ferry operation safety at PT. X from 2020 to 2024 using the Formal Safety Assessment (FSA) framework. To address human-factor-related risks, the SHIELD taxonomy was integrated into the risk assessment process, while the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) was used to prioritize mitigation strategies. Analysis of 72 documented accidents identified ship collisions as the most frequent accident type, while vessel sinking represented the highest-risk and most severe accident category. The SHIELD taxonomy enabled a more detailed identification of the contributing factors behind each accident. Based on the developed Risk Control Options (RCOs), the CBA-AHP assessment identified priority mitigation measures for each major hazard. For ship collision risks, the prioritized RCOs include the establishment of abort criteria to terminate maneuvering operations when conditions are no longer considered safe, mandatory berthing briefings prior to maneuvering to explain operational conditions, potential risks, and task distribution, and enhancement of visual awareness toward critical areas surrounding the vessel. For ship sinking risks, the prioritized RCOs consist of the implementation of a loading sequence checklist that must be used and verified at every stage of the operation, conducting periodic inspections throughout the loading and unloading process, and documentation and dissemination of lessons learned to all relevant personnel. This study provides a data-driven basis for ship operators to prioritize safety improvements and reduce the risk of maritime accidents.
Co-Authors Ahmad Rafii Ahmad Rafii Dika Rahayu Widiana Esqy Dhiya’ul Fuady Imam Sutrisno