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All Journal Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering & Catalysis
Derek, Chan Juinn Chieh
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Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Chemistry

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Effect of Equimolar Sodium Borohydride-Ferric Chloride Concentrations on Nano Zero-Valent Iron/Palm Shell Composites for Simultaneous Nanogold Recovery and Hydrogen Generation Nordin, Puteri Nur Syakinah; Helmy, Aina Syamimi Noor; Derek, Chan Juinn Chieh; Rajuli, Mohd Fariz; Chang, Siu Hua
Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering & Catalysis 2026: BCREC Volume 21 Issue 2 Year 2026 (August 2026)
Publisher : Masyarakat Katalis Indonesia - Indonesian Catalyst Society (MKICS)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.9767/bcrec.20636

Abstract

Gold-containing waste solutions represent both an environmental liability and a valuable secondary resource, yet few existing technologies integrate nanogold recovery with sustainable hydrogen generation from these streams. In this study, the effect of equimolar sodium borohydride–ferric chloride (NaBH₄–FeCl₃) concentrations on the synthesis and performance of nanoscale zero-valent iron (nZVI)/palm shell composites was systematically investigated for the simultaneous recovery of nanogold and generation of hydrogen from gold-containing aqueous solutions. The composites were synthesized at different equimolar NaBH₄–FeCl₃ concentrations (0.5–2.0 M), while maintaining a fixed overall molar ratio, with palm shell biomass employed as a support to suppress particle aggregation and preserve reactive surface area. Nanogold formation was evaluated using UV–Vis spectroscopy via localized surface plasmon resonance, while hydrogen evolution was quantified by a water-displacement method. Surface properties were characterized by BET analysis. Nanogold recovery increased progressively with increasing equimolar precursor concentration, whereas hydrogen production exhibited a non-linear dependence, reaching a maximum of 29.02 mL at 1.5 M, which also corresponded to the highest BET surface area (13.57 m²/g). Further increasing the equimolar NaBH₄–FeCl₃ concentration to 2.0 M led to surface passivation and diminished reactivity. These results demonstrate that equimolar precursor concentration plays a critical role in governing nZVI/palm shell composite structure and functionality. The optimized composite exhibits strong potential as a multifunctional material for integrated precious metal recovery and green hydrogen production, thereby contributing to sustainable circular resource utilization and clean energy technologies. Copyright © 2026 by Authors, Published by BCREC Publishing Group. This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0).
Recovery of Gold Nanoparticles from Aqueous Solutions via Hydrogen Peroxide Reduction using Self-Propelled Palm Shell-Supported Manganese Dioxide Composites Roslan, Muhammad Irsyad; Zubaidi, Nor Hasanah; Derek, Chan Juinn Chieh; van Hullebusch, Eric D.; Chang, Siu Hua
Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering & Catalysis 2026: BCREC Volume 21 Issue 3 Year 2026 (October 2026) (Issue in Progress)
Publisher : Masyarakat Katalis Indonesia - Indonesian Catalyst Society (MKICS)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.9767/bcrec.20628

Abstract

Intensive mechanical stirring, commonly used for gold nanoparticle (AuNP) recovery, suffers from drawbacks such as mechanical wear and high operational costs. Self-propelled catalytic composites capable of autonomous motion present a promising alternative, yet their applicability and influence on AuNP recovery efficiency remain insufficiently explored. Hence, this study aimed to fabricate palm shell-supported manganese dioxide (MnO2)composites and investigate the effect of their dosage on AuNP recovery via hydrogen peroxide reduction. The composites were characterized using Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy with Energy Dispersive X-Ray Spectroscopy (FESEM-EDX) to assess their morphology, particle size, and elemental composition, while UV-Vis spectroscopy was used to monitor AuNP formation through localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) responses. Results revealed that a composite dosage of 0.2 g/L produced the sharpest LSPR peak at 530 nm, indicating the highest yield of spherical AuNPs with particle sizes ranging from 20 to 80 nm. Motion analysis showed that the composites exhibited autonomous bubble-propelled motion at an average speed of 25.5 µm/s, following linear and semi-circular trajectories that enhanced mass transfer and AuNP recovery efficiency. Overall, palm shell-supported MnO2 composites demonstrate great potential as an alternative to conventional mechanical stirring-based methods for recovering AuNPs. Copyright © 2026 by Authors, Published by BCREC Publishing Group. This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0).
Co-Authors Chang, Siu Hua Helmy, Aina Syamimi Noor Nordin, Puteri Nur Syakinah Rajuli, Mohd Fariz Roslan, Muhammad Irsyad van Hullebusch, Eric D. Zubaidi, Nor Hasanah