<![CDATA[Coastal ecosystems are increasingly exposed to industrial pressures that threaten biodiversity, ecosystem services, and socio-economic sustainability. This study provides a systematic synthesis of recent environmental impact assessments of industrial activities affecting coastal ecosystems worldwide. Using a structured literature review approach, 30 peer-reviewed articles published between 2022 and 2025 were analyzed to identify dominant industrial drivers, pressure pathways, ecological responses, and management implications. The findings reveal that major industrial stressors include port development, offshore drilling, sand mining, wastewater discharge, shipbuilding, and coastal industrial estates. These activities generate cumulative pressures such as chemical contamination, habitat degradation, underwater noise, and biological disturbances, leading to measurable declines in benthic biodiversity, seagrass coverage, and ecosystem service provision. Integrated assessments consistently demonstrate that impacts are spatially concentrated near urbanized and industrialized coasts and disproportionately affect sensitive habitats such as mangroves, seagrass meadows, coral reefs, and estuaries. The review highlights that conventional project-based Environmental Impact Assessments remain insufficient to address cumulative and cross-sectoral impacts. Therefore, ecosystem-based management, strategic environmental assessment, and cumulative effects assessment are recommended as more effective governance tools. This study contributes a comprehensive synthesis of industrial impacts on coastal ecosystems and offers evidence-based recommendations for strengthening environmental governance to support sustainable coastal development.]]>
