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All Journal Al-Amwal : Journal of Islamic Economic Law Sinergi International Journal of Law
Alief Qurratul 'Ain Musafa'
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Economics, Econometrics & Finance Law, Crime, Criminology & Criminal Justice Other

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AI as Creator Debate: A Comparative Study of Regulations in Indonesia and the UK Alief Qurratul 'Ain Musafa'
Sinergi International Journal of Law Vol. 4 No. 1 (2026): February 2026
Publisher : Yayasan Sinergi Kawula Muda

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.61194/law.v4i1.955

Abstract

The concept of creator in copyright law, which has historically been associated with human creativity, is called into question by the growth of (Artificial Intelligence) in the creation of creative works. This essay discusses three primary subjects: (1) how AI regulation is governed by Indonesian law; (2) how AI regulation is governed by English law; and (3) what kind of legal protection is available for works created by AI. The purpose of this study is to examine how each legal system handles works created by artificial intelligence, particularly with regard to identifying creators and copyright protection procedures. By examining Law Number 28 of 2014 governing copyright in Indonesia and the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act (CDPA) 1988 in the UK, normative legal research with a comparative perspective is employed. The study's findings demonstrate that Indonesian law still bases creator recognition on human creative contributions. In contrast, the UK does not recognize AI as a legal subject and instead grants creator status to the entity who makes the required arrangements for the creation process. This comparison highlights the fact that attribution of rights to the human creators who oversee the creative process can accomplish acknowledgment of AI works without necessarily requiring recognition of the AI as creator. This essay suggests a more flexible normative approach to AI-generated works in order to improve Indonesian copyright law.The concept of creator in copyright law, which has historically been associated with human creativity, is called into question by the growth of (Artificial Intelligence) in the creation of creative works. This essay discusses three primary subjects: (1) how AI regulation is governed by Indonesian law; (2) how AI regulation is governed by English law; and (3) what kind of legal protection is available for works created by AI. The purpose of this study is to examine how each legal system handles works created by artificial intelligence, particularly with regard to identifying creators and copyright protection procedures. By examining Law Number 28 of 2014 governing copyright in Indonesia and the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act (CDPA) 1988 in the UK, normative legal research with a comparative perspective is employed. The study's findings demonstrate that Indonesian law still bases creator recognition on human creative contributions. In contrast, the UK does not recognize AI as a legal subject and instead grants creator status to the entity who makes the required arrangements for the creation process. This comparison highlights the fact that attribution of rights to the human creators who oversee the creative process can accomplish acknowledgment of AI works without necessarily requiring recognition of the AI as creator. This essay suggests a more flexible normative approach to AI-generated works in order to improve Indonesian copyright law.
Indonesia – China Economic Diplomacy in Nickel Downstreaming Policy: The Perspective of the Rule of Law and Sustainable Development Alief Qurratul 'Ain Musafa'; Dani Muhtada
Al-Amwal : Journal of Islamic Economic Law Vol. 11 No. 1 (2026): Al-Amwal : Journal of Islamic Economic Law
Publisher : Prodi Hukum Ekonomi Syariah, Fakultas Syariah, IAIN Palopo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24256/alw.v11i1.9526

Abstract

Purpose – This study aims to analyze nickel downstreaming policies within the framework of Indonesia-China economic diplomacy and assess their compatibility with the principles of the rule of law, sustainable development, and Islamic economic law. This study stems from the need to provide a multidimensional analysis of the policy of banning nickel ore exports and accelerating the development of smelters as a national industrialization strategy. Method – The method used is normative legal research with a legislative, conceptual, and analytical approach. Data was obtained through a literature study of legislation, scientific literature, and related policy documents, then analyzed qualitatively through legal interpretation and normative argumentation. Result – The results of the study show that the downstreaming policy has constitutional legitimacy and strategically strengthens Indonesia's position in the global supply chain of critical minerals through investment cooperation with China. However, its implementation still faces challenges in the form of structural dependence on foreign investment, the risk of environmental degradation, and unequal distribution of economic benefits. From a sharia economic law perspective, downstreaming is normatively valid as long as the state fulfills its role as a public trustee that guarantees distributive justice and intergenerational sustainability. Implication – This research contributes to the discourse on legal and economic governance by integrating the perspectives of the rule of law, sustainable development, and Islamic economic law into a unified analytical framework. Furthermore, the study provides practical recommendations for strengthening investment governance, harmonizing regulations, and promoting fairer benefit distribution mechanisms in nickel downstreaming policies.
Co-Authors Dani Muhtada