<![CDATA[Background: Pneumonia is an acute inflammation of the lung parenchyma with a prevalence of 2% in Indonesia. Risk factors for community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) include host factors, pathogens, and environmental factors such as air pollution. According to various international studies, several air pollution parameters have been linked to CAP, including particulate matter (PM), particularly PM10 and PM2.5, sulphur dioxide (SO2), carbon monoxide (CO), ozone (O3), and nitrogen dioxide (NO2). This study aimed to assess the relationship between air pollutant levels and CAP hospitalization rates at Persahabatan Hospital in 2023. Methods: This retrospective cohort study was conducted at Persahabatan Hospital, involving all adult patients diagnosed with CAP who were hospitalized during 2023. Subjects were selected based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. Air pollutant data were obtained from the official website of the Department of Environment, DKI Jakarta. Statistical analysis included Pearson or Spearman correlation tests, followed by multiple linear regression. Results: A total of 729 subjects met the inclusion criteria. Most patients were over 56 years old (61.3%), had more than one comorbidity (73%), had a high pneumonia severity index (PSI) score between 91 and 130 (46.1%), and were unemployed (55.3%). The highest number of CAP hospitalizations occurred in October (88 patients, 12%), coinciding with the highest recorded PM2.5 level (API=125, unhealthy category) and O3 level (API=28.4, good category) a month before in September. Statistical analysis showed a significant relationship between PM2.5 levels 7 days prior to admission (b=0.732; P<0.001), alongside a negative relation from the mean of O3 level during the admission month (b= -1.601; P=0.009) with the number of CAP hospitalizations. Conclusion: Average PM2.5 levels measured 7 days prior to hospitalization have a significant positive association with the number of CAP admissions, alongside a negative relation of average O₃ levels during the month of hospitalization, at Persahabatan Hospital in 2023.]]>
