<![CDATA[Criminal law enforcement against marine pollution in Indonesia serves as a crucial instrument to maintain the sustainability of marine ecosystems and safeguard the rights of coastal communities. This article analyzes national and international regulatory frameworks, law enforcement implementation, victim protection, and the effectiveness of criminal law in addressing marine pollution, including oil spills, industrial waste, and Illegal, Unreported, and Unregulated (IUU) fishing. The findings indicate that, despite a relatively comprehensive legal framework, enforcement effectiveness is hindered by limited law enforcement capacity, complex evidentiary procedures, vast maritime areas, and weak inter-agency coordination. Modern criminal law approaches need to be both preventive and restorative, not only imposing sanctions on offenders but also promoting ecosystem restoration and protection for affected communities. Integration of national and international instruments, regulatory harmonization, and stringent corporate accountability are key to enhancing compliance and enforcement effectiveness. The synthesis of findings underscores that criminal law enforcement against marine pollution should be viewed as a multidimensional process combining legal norms, implementation practices, victim protection, and environmental rehabilitation, thereby ensuring the sustainability of marine ecosystems and the socio-ecological well-being of coastal communities.]]>
