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All Journal Ipso Jure
Marudut Hasugian
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Law, Crime, Criminology & Criminal Justice

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Privacy, Surveillance, and Constitutional Rights in the Digital State Marudut Hasugian; Noviya, Anis
Ipso Jure Vol. 3 No. 1 (2026): Ipso Jure - February
Publisher : PT. Anagata Sembagi Education

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.62872/1w6a2t71

Abstract

The transformation of Indonesia into a digital state has intensified the use of digital surveillance technologies, including big data analytics, biometric systems, and algorithmic monitoring, in the name of public administration, security, and governance efficiency. While these developments promise administrative effectiveness, they simultaneously pose serious constitutional challenges to the protection of privacy as a fundamental right. This article examines the normative position of privacy within Indonesia’s constitutional framework and analyzes the problem of normative ambiguity surrounding state surveillance in the digital era. Employing normative juridical research with statute, conceptual, and case approaches, this study identifies the absence of clear constitutional limits on surveillance authority, vague standards for public interest and national security justifications, and weak mechanisms of accountability and oversight. The findings demonstrate that such ambiguity risks legitimizing an over-surveillance state and undermines legal certainty and substantive constitutional protection. This article argues that privacy in the digital state must be reconstructed as a core constitutional safeguard through clear legal bases, proportionality requirements, mandatory judicial authorization, and independent supervisory mechanisms, ensuring a balanced relationship between state power and fundamental rights.
Conflict of Norms Between Regional Regulations and Higher Legislation: Analysis of the Principle of Legal Hierarchy Marudut Hasugian
Ipso Jure Vol. 3 No. 3 (2026): Ipso Jure - April
Publisher : PT. Anagata Sembagi Education

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.62872/hbfj8j81

Abstract

Conflicts between regional regulations and higher-level laws and regulations are a common problem in the Indonesian legal system and have implications for legal uncertainty. This study aims to analyze the application of the principle of legal hierarchy in resolving these normative conflicts and to identify the causal factors and effectiveness of the resolution mechanisms. The research method used is normative legal research with a statutory, conceptual, and case approach, supported by primary, secondary, and tertiary legal materials. The results of the study indicate that normatively, the principle of lex superior derogat legi inferiori has provided a strong basis for maintaining normative consistency, but its implementation still faces various obstacles, such as weak regulatory harmonization, limited capacity of regional regulation makers, and the influence of local political interests. In addition, conflict resolution mechanisms through judicial review by the Supreme Court and executive review by the central government have not been fully effective due to dualism of authority and implementation obstacles. This condition has an impact on regulatory disharmony, disrupted investment climate, and decreased public trust in the law. Therefore, it is necessary to strengthen preventive mechanisms through harmonization from the planning stage, integration of the supervisory system, and affirmation of the role of the principle of legal hierarchy as the main instrument in maintaining the consistency of the legal regulatory system in Indonesia.
Co-Authors Noviya, Anis