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All Journal Civil Engineering Dimension
Farizi, Ananda M. A.
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Civil Engineering, Building, Construction & Architecture

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Density by Design: Evaluating Transit Hubs for Transit-Oriented Development (TOD) in an Emerging Indonesian Metropolis Haratama, Kusuma R.; Farizi, Ananda M. A.; Saputro, Maleakhi C.; Manggalasari, Lena C.; Thipphaya, Phitchayathida
Civil Engineering Dimension Vol. 28 No. 1 (2026): MARCH 2026
Publisher : Institute of Research and Community Outreach - Petra Christian University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.9744/ced.28.1.54-68

Abstract

Rapid urbanization in Indonesian cities has increased interest in Transit-Oriented Development (TOD) as a strategy to promote compact, mixed-use, and transit-supportive urban forms. This study evaluates the TOD readiness of five major transit hubs in Surabaya—Purabaya Terminal, Joyoboyo Terminal, Gubeng Station, Surabaya Kota Station, and Pasar Turi Station—using a spatially explicit Built Environment Index (BEI). A Geographic Information System (GIS) approach was applied to analyze population density, employment density, land use mix, and accessibility within 400, 800, and 1,200 m service areas. These indicators were normalized and aggregated into the BEI under multiple weighting scenarios to reflect different planning priorities. The results identify Gubeng Station as the most TOD-ready hub, supported by high density, balanced job–to-population ratio, and strong land use integration, while Joyoboyo and Pasar Turi show limited TOD alignment. The proposed framework provides a replicable, data-driven tool to support TOD prioritization in emerging metropolitan contexts.
Co-Authors Haratama, Kusuma R. Manggalasari, Lena C. Saputro, Maleakhi C. Thipphaya, Phitchayathida