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All Journal Cerdika: Jurnal Ilmiah Indonesia Jurnal Polimesin
Khan, Nani Siska Putri
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Humanities Automotive Engineering Control & Systems Engineering Economics, Econometrics & Finance Education Engineering Health Professions Materials Science & Nanotechnology Mechanical Engineering Public Health Social Sciences

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Peningkatan Sifat Fisik dan Kimia Bio-Coal dari Rumput Gajah (Pennisetum purpureum) Melalui Torrefaksi Retort Kiln Khan, Nani Siska Putri; Maulana, Rahmat Reza; M. Yusuf
Cerdika: Jurnal Ilmiah Indonesia Vol. 6 No. 2 (2026): Cerdika: Jurnal Ilmiah Indonesia
Publisher : Publikasi Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.59141/cerdika.v6i2.2954

Abstract

Pertumbuhan kebutuhan energi global yang masih bergantung pada bahan bakar fosil menuntut pengembangan sumber energi terbarukan yang berkelanjutan. Biomassa lignoselulosa, khususnya rumput gajah (Pennisetum purpureum), memiliki potensi besar sebagai bahan bakar alternatif, namun memiliki keterbatasan seperti densitas energi rendah dan kadar air tinggi. Penelitian ini mengevaluasi peningkatan sifat fisik dan kimia bio-coal dari rumput gajah melalui proses torrefaksi menggunakan retort kiln.  Metode yang digunakan mencakup torrefaksi pada suhu 225°C dan 275°C dengan waktu tinggal 30 menit, menggunakan sampel biomassa kering seberat 5 kg. Karakterisasi produk dilakukan melalui analisis proksimat (ASTM E1756-01) dan pengukuran nilai kalor tertinggi (HHV) dengan bomb calorimeter (ASTM D5865), serta perhitungan rendemen massa dan rendemen energi.  Hasil menunjukkan bahwa torrefaksi secara signifikan menurunkan kadar air dan zat terbang, serta meningkatkan kadar karbon tetap dan nilai kalor tertinggi (HHV) bio-coal, dari 15,26 MJ/kg menjadi 19,97 MJ/kg dan 21,75 MJ/kg secara berturut-turut. Rendemen massa tercatat sebesar 40%, sementara rendemen energi mencapai 52,36% pada 225°C dan 57,02% pada 275°C, menunjukkan efisiensi konversi energi yang baik meskipun terjadi kehilangan massa. Profil temperatur stabil selama proses torrefaksi memastikan homogenitas produk. Temuan ini menegaskan bahwa retort kiln efektif dalam menghasilkan bio-coal berkualitas tinggi dari rumput gajah, memberikan kontribusi penting bagi pengembangan teknologi bahan bakar padat terbarukan skala industri.
Effect of torrefaction temperature and HDPE binder addition on the physicochemical and combustion properties of elephant grass bio pellets Khan, Nani Siska Putri; Setiawan, Adi; Hakim, Lukman; Hasibuan, Zulfikar; Riskina, Shafira
Jurnal Polimesin Vol 24, No 1 (2026): February
Publisher : Politeknik Negeri Lhokseumawe

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30811/jpl.v24i1.8360

Abstract

This study investigates the effect of torrefaction temperature and the addition of HDPE binder on the physical, chemical, and combustion properties of elephant grass (Pennisetum purpureum) biopellets. The samples were torrefied at 225°C and 275°C, with an HDPE plastic added at concentrations of 0, 5, 10, 15, and 20%. The results showed that higher torrefaction temperatures substantially reduced the solid yield due to the thermal decomposition of hemicellulose and cellulose, while simultaneously increasing fixed carbon and ash content. Apparent density and drop resistance showed a positive correlation with the addition of HDPE, indicating improved durability and structural integrity of the pellets. The hydrophobicity test revealed longer water penetration times with increasing HDPE content, demonstrating enhanced moisture resistance, although a slight decline was observed at 275°C due to polymer degradation. During combustion, pellets torrefied at 275°C exhibited a faster temperature rise and more stable mass reduction compared to those processed at 225°C, reflecting better combustion efficiency and heat transfer performance. The relationship between proximate analysis and combustion showed that lower Volatile Matter (VM) and higher fixed carbon contents contributed to improved thermal stability and controlled combustion behavior. These findings confirm that torrefaction at 275°C combined with a 15% HDPE binder produces high-quality biopellets with superior mechanical strength, hydrophobicity, and combustion performance, making them a promising candidate for sustainable and efficient bioenergy systems.
Co-Authors Adi Setiawan Hasibuan, Zulfikar Lukman Hakim M. Yusuf Maulana, Rahmat Reza Riskina, Shafira