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All Journal IPTEK The Journal of Engineering Limits: Journal of Mathematics and Its Applications
Sumarno
Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember
Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Civil Engineering, Building, Construction & Architecture Computer Science & IT Electrical & Electronics Engineering Engineering Mathematics Mechanical Engineering

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DIMENSI METRIK PENGEMBANGAN GRAF KINCIR POLA K 1 + mK 3 Suhud Wahyudi; Sumarno; Suharmadi
Limits: Journal of Mathematics and Its Applications Vol. 8 No. 2 (2011): Limits: Journal of Mathematics and Its Applications Volume 8 Nomor 2 Edisi Nove
Publisher : Pusat Publikasi Ilmiah LPPM Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember

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Abstract

Himpunan pembeda dengan kardinalitas minimum disebut himpunan pembeda minimum, dan kardinalitas tersebut dinamakan dimensi metrik dari G dinotasikan dengan dim(G). Graf kincir adalah graf yang dapat dinyatakan dalam bentuk K. Dalam makalah ini ditunjukkan bahwa dimensi metrik pengembangan graf kincir pola K dengan m 2 adalah 2m. 1 + mK 3 1+mK 2
Characterization of Type-III Resistant Starch Produced by High Shear Mixing Combined with Membrane Separation Putu Ayu Yuliani Indiasih; Muhammad Faturahman Almuhaimin; Muh. Abdillah Taufiqurrahman; Bramantyo Airlangga; Sumarno
IPTEK The Journal of Engineering Vol. 9 No. 2 (2023)
Publisher : Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.12962/j23378557.v9i2.a17355

Abstract

There are five types of resistant starch and the most commonly used as functional food is type-III resistant starch (RS-III), which is a retrograded of gelatinized starch that is conventionally produced by heating and cooling treatment. This study characterized the RS-III produced by an unconventional method by modification of high shear mixing (HSM) combined with membrane microfiltration from cassava starch. A starch/water mixture with a concentration of 1/20 w/v was gelatinized in the HSM reactor at 95°C for 15 minutes and then separated using membrane microfiltration. The separated permeate was cooled to the retrogradation process. The products were characterized by iodine, X-ray diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), and Total Dietary Fiber (TDF) content. The highest amylose content that can be achieved was 15.3% with a degree of crystallinity of 8.58%. The higher HSM speed significantly increased the TDF content in RS-III products up to 12.33%.
Green Extraction of Microcrystalline Cellulose from Cabbage Waste (Brassica Oleracea L.) Using Steam Explosion and Low-Concentration Chemical Treatment Nesha Permata Syafira; Bramantyo Airlangga; Sumarno
IPTEK The Journal of Engineering Vol. 11 No. 2 (2025)
Publisher : Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.12962/j23378557.v11i2.a22841

Abstract

The increasing generation of agricultural waste presents both environmental challenges and opportunities for the development of sustainable materials. This study explores the extraction of microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) from cabbage waste using a combination of steam explosion and low-concentration chemical treatments to optimize lignocellulose degradation. The process involved sequential delignification with NaOH, bleaching with NaOCl, and steam explosion applied to samples that had been soaked in oxalic acid at varying concentrations (0%–2%). After drying, the samples were analyzed using FTIR, XRD, and SEM to evaluate the extracted MCC product. The analytical results showed that the applied method significantly increased cellulose purity, from 31.05% in untreated fibers to 69.88% after steam explosion following soaking in 2% oxalic acid. FTIR analysis confirmed the removal of lignin and hemicellulose, while XRD analysis indicated an increase in crystallinity from 39% to 57%, suggesting improved structural integrity. SEM analysis revealed enhanced fiber separation and reduced particle size, indicating efficient defibrillation. These results highlight the potential of an environmentally friendly approach to producing high-quality MCC, supporting green chemistry principles and sustainable development goals (SDGs). eThe extracted MCC holds promising applications, particularly as a biopolymer for drug delivery systems, polymer composites, and food additives.
Co-Authors Bramantyo Airlangga Muh. Abdillah Taufiqurrahman Muhammad Faturahman Almuhaimin Nesha Permata Syafira Putu Ayu Yuliani Indiasih Suharmadi Suhud Wahyudi