<![CDATA[Purpose: This study aims to examine cross-actor collaboration in environmental governance and its role in strengthening coordination, enhancing community participation, improving policy implementation, and addressing institutional challenges at the local level. Subjects and Methods: The research employs a qualitative literature review approach. Data were collected from peer-reviewed academic journals, policy reports, and relevant institutional documents related to collaborative governance and environmental management. The selected sources were systematically analyzed using thematic synthesis to identify key patterns, dynamics, and challenges of cross-actor collaboration involving government agencies, civil society organizations, the private sector, and local communities. Results: The findings show that multi-stakeholder collaboration contributes to more integrated coordination mechanisms and helps reduce institutional fragmentation in environmental governance. Collaborative arrangements promote shared responsibility among actors and strengthen community participation through social learning, knowledge exchange, and capacity building. These processes support more adaptive and sustainable environmental management practices. In addition, collaborative governance improves the effectiveness of environmental policy implementation through joint monitoring, enhanced accountability, and more efficient use of resources. However, the study also identifies persistent challenges, including unequal power relations, limited organizational capacity, institutional fragmentation, and policy instability, which can undermine the continuity and long-term sustainability of collaborative initiatives. Conclusions: The study concludes that cross-actor collaboration plays a significant role in improving local environmental governance but requires stronger institutional frameworks, inclusive governance mechanisms, and sustained stakeholder commitment to ensure long-term effectiveness and sustainability.]]>
