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Doreen Tan
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Developing a Hybrid Training Curriculum for the Inaugural World Health Organization (WHO) Singapore Emergency Medical Team (SGEMT) Using Andragogical Principles for Adult Training Shu Fang Ho; Joy Li Juan Quah; Doreen Tan; Fadhilah Ishami Muhammad Faisal; Kee Chong Ng
ASEAN Journal of Disaster Health Management (AJDHM) Vol 1 No 1 (2025): January
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/ajdhm.v1i1.14344

Abstract

Introduction: The WHO-EMT initiative seeks to “enhance surge capacity of countries through promotion of rapid mobilization and efficient coordination of both national and international medical teams and the health-care workforce to reduce loss of life and prevent long-term disability caused by disasters, outbreaks and other emergencies. It values “inclusiveness, transparency, global cohesion and regional adaptation, needs driven and adherence to quality standards and methodology. In partnership with the Ministry of Health (MOH) of Singapore, Singapore Health Services (SingHealth) was tasked to help set up Singapore’s inaugural World Health Organisation (WHO) Emergency Medical Team (EMT) – Singapore Emergency Medical Team (SGEMT). Singapore will be the third ASEAN country, after Thailand & Malaysia, to set up such a WHO EMT programme. SGEMT plans to be verified by WHO by 2024. Methods: Our SGEMT is a Type 1 Fixed EMT and will attend to outpatient and emergency patients in the community over a 14-day overseas deployment, and comprises an 18-member medical team with 5 doctors, 10 nurses, 1 rehabilitative physiotherapist, 1 clinical psychologist and 1 clinical support staff. The medical team are volunteers from all across our SingHealth cluster. In addition to this 18-member medical component, there is an additional 15 member administrative and logistic team from MOH and our designated logistics partner. Our SGEMT therefore comprises 33 members – 18 medical team members and 15 admin / logistics members. In order to adequately prepare all our SGEMT volunteers for deployment, our SingHealth team together with MOH developed a comprehensive and uniquely tailored training programme. The design of this training programme is based on well-established andragogical principles and applications to ensure effective adult learning. Results: All SGEMT volunteers will undergo a three-component hybrid training programme comprising of 1) E-Learning Modules, 2) Face-to-Face Workshop & Table-Top Exercise (TTX) and 3) Ground Deployment Exercise (GDX). Component 2 and 3 aim to help participants consolidate the knowledge acquired in the e-learning component, provide hands-on opportunity to demonstrate both the clinical and non-clinical skills required of SGEMT volunteers. The final integration will first be done via TTX, followed by GDX. Conclusion: The training curriculum and andragogy adopted for SGEMT was to ensure effective adult learning, such that our SGEMT can function seamlessly on the ground once deployed by MOH & WHO.
Setting Up the World Health Organization (WHO) Singapore Emergency Medical Team (SGEMT) for a Type 1 Fixed Facility Deployment Li Juan Joy Quah; Shu Fang Ho; Doreen Tan; Fadhilah Ishami Muhammad Faisal; Kee Chong Ng
ASEAN Journal of Disaster Health Management (AJDHM) Vol 1 No 1 (2025): January
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/ajdhm.v1i1.14345

Abstract

Introduction: The World Health Organisation (WHO) Emergency Medical Team (EMT) initiative was formed in 2010 and is part of the United Nations’ (UN) international disaster management and response ecosystem. To date, WHO has verified more than 35 EMTs internationally. The Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) Regional Capacity on Disaster Health Management (ARCH) project was established in 2016 and is the collaboration mechanism for comprehensive capacity strengthening on disaster health management within ASEAN. In 2018, ASEAN member states accepted WHO’s call for accredited EMTs and adoption of WHO standards. Within ASEAN, Thailand was the first to set up a WHO-EMT in 2019. In partnership with Singapore’s Ministry of Health (MOH), Singapore Health Services (SingHealth), the largest public healthcare cluster, was tasked to help set up Singapore’s in inaugural overseas emergency medical team under the WHO framework – the Singapore Emergency Medical Team (SGEMT) in 2023. Objective: This paper documents and shares key milestones during the creation of SGEMT. Methods: This is a qualitative study based on open-ended interviews with eight core members of the SGEMT planning committee and review of the relevant documents and processes pertaining to the overall disaster health response of the WHO EMT system and how SGEMT was developed by MOH and its public healthcare sector. A deductive approach to thematic analysis of the materials was performed. Results: Several themes were identified in the process of SGEMT formation. In chronological order, they were the whole-of-government approach, selecting the most suitable EMT typology, creating the EMT organizational structure, division of labour through creation of different working groups for different core technical standards and choosing the commercial tendering process for WASH and logistics. This process was augmented by guidance from WHO and regional partners through a mentorship programme. Conclusion: The process of creating SGEMT required strong political and organizational will. It was thematically sequenced into several crucial steps and required effective project management at various levels of labour division and invaluable input from WHO mentors. More academic papers should be written on the set-up of the WHO EMT, comparing experiences to obtain best practices and encouraging more teams to get accredited. This will greatly boost the international disaster response capabilities.