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All Journal Journal of Central Banking Law and Institutions TARBIYAH: Jurnal Pendidikan dan Pembelajaran TIJARAH: Jurnal Ekonomi, Manajemen, dan Bisnis Syariah
Azwar Azwar
Institut Agama Islam STIBA Makassar, Indonesia
Humanities Decision Sciences, Operations Research & Management Economics, Econometrics & Finance Education Law, Crime, Criminology & Criminal Justice Social Sciences

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Kebijakan Fiskal dalam Perspektif Islam: Rekonstruksi Konseptual, Instrumen Syariah, dan Relevansinya terhadap Ekonomi Kontemporer dan Industri Halal: Fiscal Policy in Islamic Perspective: Conceptual Reconstruction, Sharia Instruments, and Their Relevance to Contemporary Economy and Halal Industry Azwar Azwar; Andi Wawan Mulyawan; Amiruddin K.
TIJARAH: Jurnal Ekonomi, Manajemen, dan Bisnis Syariah Vol. 3 No. 1 (2026): TIJARAH: Jurnal Ekonomi, Manajemen, dan Bisnis Syariah
Publisher : Litera Academica Publishing

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Abstract

Fiscal policy constitutes a strategic instrument in national economic management that functions not only to maintain stability and promote economic growth, but also to realize social justice and public welfare. From an Islamic perspective, fiscal policy is grounded in the normative foundations of Sharīʿah and oriented toward the attainment of maqāṣid al-sharīʿah, particularly distributive justice and the promotion of public interest (maṣlaḥah ʿāmmah). This study aims to elucidate the fundamental concept of fiscal policy in Islam from both theoretical and historical perspectives; to analyze the principal Islamic fiscal instruments and their respective functions; to examine the strategic role of the Bayt al-Māl as the state’s fiscal institution; and to assess the relevance of Islamic fiscal policy in the context of the contemporary economy, including the strengthening of the Islamic economic sector and the halal industry. The research employs a qualitative–descriptive approach based on a library study, utilizing content analysis of classical and contemporary literature, regulatory documents, and relevant academic studies. The findings indicate that Islamic fiscal policy is built upon a strong and holistic normative foundation, with instruments such as zakāt, kharāj, jizyah, ʿushr, ghanīmah, fayʾ, and waqf functioning not only as sources of state revenue but also as mechanisms for redistribution and social protection. The Bayt al-Māl plays a central role as a public financial management institution and holds significant potential for revitalization within modern economic systems through transparent and integrated governance. This study affirms that Islamic fiscal policy remains relevant and strategic in addressing contemporary economic challenges, including social inequality and the development of the halal industry, thereby offering both a conceptual and practical alternative for the formulation of equitable and sustainable fiscal policies.
Revolutionising Islamic Finance with Artificial Intelligence: A Bibliometric and Strategic Analysis Azwar Azwar; Abur Hamdi Usman; Bayu Taufiq Possumah; Azwar Azwar; Abur Hamdi Usman; Bayu Taufiq Possumah
Journal of Central Banking Law and Institutions Vol. 5 No. 2 (2026)
Publisher : Bank Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21098/jcli.v5i2.329

Abstract

This study examines the development of Artificial Intelligence (AI) research in Islamic finance and analyses its regulatory and institutional implications for central banks and financial supervisory authorities. Specifically, the study maps scholarly trends on AI-enabled Islamic finance and assesses regulatory strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats faced by public financial authorities in governing AI adoption. Using bibliometric analysis of Scopus-indexed publications from 2017 to 2024, the study identifies research trends, key contributors, institutional affiliations, and thematic evolution in this field. The findings show a steady increase in scholarly output, with 47 publications over the past decade, led by authors including Shahnawaz Khan and Mohammad Irfan, and significant contributions from institutions in Malaysia and Bahrain. Topic mapping reveals that AI adoption in Islamic finance is increasingly associated with innovation, blockchain integration, and sustainable development, raising significant regulatory concerns. To support this objective, a SWOT analysis is employed and reframed as a regulatory and institutional assessment that evaluates how central bank innovation mandates and supervisory instruments constitute strengths and opportunities, while legal uncertainty, algorithmic bias, data protection, and supervisory capacity represent key weaknesses and threats. The study concludes that although AI holds substantial potential to enhance efficiency and governance in Islamic finance, its effective deployment depends on coherent regulatory frameworks, strengthened coordination between central banks and Sharia authorities, and sustained capacity-building to manage emerging legal and institutional risks.
Rekonstruksi Etika Pendidikan Islam di Era Artificial Intelligence: Analisis Kualitatif terhadap Transformasi Peran Guru, Nilai, dan Pembelajaran Digital: Reconstructing the Ethics of Islamic Education in the Era of Artificial Intelligence: A Qualitative Study on the Transformation of Teachers’ Roles, Values, and Digital Learning Azwar Azwar
TARBIYAH: Jurnal Pendidikan dan Pembelajaran Vol. 3 No. 1 (2026): TARBIYAH: Jurnal Pendidikan dan Pembelajaran
Publisher : Litera Academica Publishing

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Abstract

The rapid advancement of Artificial Intelligence (AI) has driven significant transformations in global education systems, including Islamic education. However, these developments also raise ethical and pedagogical challenges that may affect the fundamental essence of Islamic education, including algorithmic bias, data privacy concerns, the dehumanization of educational processes, and the erosion of moral and spiritual values. This study aims to examine the opportunities and challenges associated with AI integration in Islamic education, identify its ethical and pedagogical implications, and formulate a conceptual framework for AI integration that aligns with the core values of Islamic education. The study employs a qualitative approach using library research within an interpretive-critical paradigm. The findings reveal that AI has considerable potential to enhance learning effectiveness and facilitate the transformation of Islamic education toward more adaptive educational systems. Nevertheless, effective AI integration requires the reconstruction of Islamic education through the reinforcement of adab (ethical conduct), the application of the maqāṣid al-sharī‘ah approach, the development of Islamic digital literacy, and the implementation of human-centered AI to ensure that technology remains oriented toward character formation and public welfare (maslahah). This study proposes a conceptual model for integrating AI into Islamic education by positioning Islamic values as the foundational basis for educational technology development. The findings further emphasize that the successful integration of AI in Islamic education depends not merely on the level of technological adoption, but rather on the ability to harmonize digital innovation with the objectives of Islamic education in cultivating knowledgeable, morally grounded, and socially responsible individuals.
Co-Authors Abur Hamdi Usman Abur Hamdi Usman Amiruddin K. Andi Wawan Mulyawan Azwar Azwar Bayu Taufiq Possumah Bayu Taufiq Possumah