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All Journal Mechanical Engineering for Society and Industry Automotive Experiences
Andoko Andoko
State University of Malang, Indonesia
Aerospace Engineering Automotive Engineering Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Control & Systems Engineering Electrical & Electronics Engineering Energy Engineering Industrial & Manufacturing Engineering Materials Science & Nanotechnology Mechanical Engineering Transportation

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Preparation and characterization of cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) from pennisetum purpureum (PP) fibers via ammonium persulfate oxidation method Muhammad Faizullah Pasha; Andoko Andoko; Muhammad Wahid Darmawan; Fina Nur Nabillah; Riduwan Prasetya; Mohammad Sukri Bin Mustapa
Mechanical Engineering for Society and Industry Vol 5 No 2 (2025)
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Magelang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31603/mesi.13595

Abstract

The growing demand for sustainable and high-performance materials emphasizes the need for more efficient production methods for cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs). Traditional CNC synthesis, however, often requires significant energy input and produces harmful by-products, which undermine its environmental and economic viability. In response to this challenge, this study explores the use of an eco-friendly ammonium persulfate (APS) oxidation method to produce CNCs from Pennisetum purpureum fibers. The findings reveal that CNCs synthesized at a temperature of 60 °C exhibited the highest crystallinity index (72.62%), optimal surface functionalization, and exceptional mechanical properties, including a tensile strength of 18.44 MPa.The structural, chemical, and mechanical properties of the CNCs were comprehensively evaluated using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDX), and tensile strength testing. These results highlight the effectiveness of APS oxidation in producing high-quality CNCs from readily available agricultural biomass. By utilizing a sustainable approach, this research not only advances the production of eco-friendly materials but also demonstrates the potential for agricultural waste to be repurposed in nanotechnology applications. The study thus makes a significant contribution to sustainable material science, providing insights into improving CNCs production while minimizing environmental impact, ultimately supporting the transition towards a more sustainable and circular economy.
Coil Spring Failure Analysis Reviewed from Residual Stress, Crytal Orientation, and Texture Andoko Andoko; Rifqi Ryandi Dwi Ananto; Heru Suryanto; Femiana Gapsari; Maykel Manawan
Automotive Experiences Vol. 6 No. 3 (2023)
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Magelang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31603/ae.9803

Abstract

Crystal defects can be identified through the crystallographic characteristics of crystal orientation (lattice), microstrain, and texture. Identification of crystal defects on the atomic scale through crystallography is very important in analyzing the mechanism of material properties due to the influence of dislocations. The slip mechanism is analyzed to minimize coil spring failure. This study aims to analyze the causes of coil spring failure based on crystallography. XRD testing was carried out for analysis of residual stress, crystal orientation, and texture using MAUD 2.94 version software. Hardness testing was carried out on the surface of the coil spring with locations near and far from the fracture using micro Vickers. The macro fracture morphology was analyzed using a DSLR camera and the micro fracture morphology was analyzed using SEM. The XRD result shows that the coil spring material has a tensile residual stress value of "202.4 ± 15.9 MPa" with the resulting crystal orientation showing the hkl (100), (200), (211), (200) fields. The plane (200) has a texture characteristic that is oriented towards the Rolling direction along the spring axis. Texture oriented towards Rolling Direction can be shown with a maximum probability value of 1.191. A high probability will have an impact on the presence of material surface defects. Surface defects are indicated by the presence of pit corrosion on micro and macro fracture morphology observations. The pit corrosion defects that occur in the failed coil springs are the beginning of the formation of crack initiation and cause stress concentration. The stress concentration will increase with loading and cause crack propagation.
Optimization of preparation parameters of palm oil-based nanofuel with multi wall carbon nanotube (MWCNT) for stability using Taguchi-grey relation analysis (GRA) combination Imam Muda Nauri; Andoko Andoko; Riduwan Prasetya; Muhammad Faizullah Pasha; Muhamad Rizky Akbar; Muhammad Wahid Darmawan; Poppy Puspitasari
Mechanical Engineering for Society and Industry Vol. 4 No. 2 (2024)
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Magelang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31603/mesi.11945

Abstract

This research optimizes the preparation parameters of palm oil-based nanofuel and Multi Wall Carbon Nanotube (MWCNT) to produce stable nanofuel. The parameters optimized include stirrer speed, sonication time, sonication power, and surfactant ratio, with stability measured through absorbance and sedimentation ratio (SR). The Taguchi method, using an L9 orthogonal array designed with minitab 19.0 software, was employed for single-objective optimization, while Grey Relation Analysis (GRA) is applied for multi-objective optimization. Experimental results show that the optimal conditions for absorbance are stirrer speed of 1000 rpm, sonication time of 30 minutes, sonication power of 200 watts, and surfactant ratio of 1, whereas for sedimentation ratio the optimal conditions are stirrer speed of 1000 rpm, sonication time of 30 minutes, sonication power of 150 watts, and surfactant ratio of 1. ANOVA analysis reveals that surfactant concentration contributes the most to nanofuel stability, with contributions of 79.63% for absorbance and 82.60% for sedimentation ratio. Multi-objective GRA optimization results also show that surfactant concentration is the most dominant factor, contributing 71.5% to the Grey Relational Grade (GRG). The consistency of optimal parameters yielded by both Taguchi and GRA methods reinforces the validity and consistency of this study's results. This research provides a strong foundation for the development of more stable nanofuels, potentially enhancing energy efficiency and sustainability. These findings offer practical guidelines for real-world applications and make significant contributions to nanofuel technology
Co-Authors Femiana Gapsari Fina Nur Nabillah Heru Suryanto Imam Muda Nauri Maykel Manawan Mohammad Sukri Bin Mustapa Muhamad Rizky Akbar Muhammad Faizullah Pasha Muhammad Wahid Darmawan Poppy Puspitasari Riduwan Prasetya Rifqi Ryandi Dwi Ananto