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All Journal Mechanical Engineering for Society and Industry Automotive Experiences
Winarto Winarto
Universitas Brawijaya, Indonesia
Aerospace Engineering Automotive Engineering Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Control & Systems Engineering Electrical & Electronics Engineering Energy Engineering Industrial & Manufacturing Engineering Materials Science & Nanotechnology Mechanical Engineering Transportation

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Green diesel and its role as a drop-in renewable diesel alternative to FAME-based biodiesel Muhammad Latifur Rochman; Nurkholis Hamidi; Femiana Gapsari; Winarto Winarto
Mechanical Engineering for Society and Industry Vol 5 No 2 (2025)
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Magelang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31603/mesi.13658

Abstract

Fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) biodiesel has been widely adopted as a renewable alternative to fossil diesel due to its relatively simple production process and established blending frameworks. Nevertheless, intrinsic limitations associated with its oxygenated ester structure such as oxidative instability, hygroscopicity, cold-flow constraints, and restricted blend ratios, continue to limit its long-term suitability for advanced diesel engines and fuel systems. Green diesel, also known as renewable diesel, is a hydrocarbon fuel produced from renewable and waste lipid feedstocks through catalytic deoxygenation pathways, yielding paraffinic hydrocarbons that closely resemble conventional petroleum diesel.
Effect of Tube Thickness Configuration of Two Segments Circular Crash Box on Its Crashworthiness Performance Muhammad Vendy Hermawan; Moch. Agus Choiron; Anindito Purnowidodo; Winarto Winarto
Automotive Experiences Vol. 8 No. 1 (2025)
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Magelang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31603/ae.13170

Abstract

This study aims to investigate the effect of tube configuration with different bottom fixation components on the energy absorption of a two-segment crash box. The circular tube thickness configuration has two thickness levels, half of the length of the tube has thicker walls (t2), and the other half has thinner walls (t1). The t1 values ”‹”‹are 1, 1.5, 2 and 2.5 mm while t2 is constant, 3 mm. Finite element analysis using ANSYS WORKBENCH was performed for the axial load model. The bottom fixation component uses Cutting Die Model (CDM) and Flat Model (FM). Sixteen crash box models were run to provide the effect of two tube thickness configurations and CDM-FM fixation components. The material of the circular tubes is Aluminum 6063 with a Bilinear Hardening Model assumption. Crashworthiness performance indicators were observed based on the values ”‹”‹of Energy Absorber (EA), Specific Energy Absorber (SEA), initial peak force (Fmax), and Crash Force Efficiency (CFE). The results show that the CDM model has the lowest Fmax value, due to the use of the die, which stimulates easier initial folding in the tube end area. The CDM model also has better SEA and CFE values. According to the results obtained from computer simulations, the CDM-t2t1 model with t1=1mm exhibited the highest Specific Energy Absorption (SEA) of 67.93 kJ. On the other hand, this same crash box model provided the smallest Fmax of 205.88 kN and the highest CFE value of 0.69. From these results, it can be concluded that this model provides the best crashworthiness performance.
Crashworthiness Evaluation of a Parallel 5-Tube Circular Multi-Segment Crash Box with Cutting Die Trigger for Railway Safety Muhammad Vendy Hermawan; Moch. Agus Choiron; Anindito Purnowidodo; Winarto Winarto
Automotive Experiences Vol. 8 No. 3 (2025)
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Magelang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31603/ae.14952

Abstract

This study presents a crashworthiness evaluation of a Parallel 5-Tube Circular Multi-Segment Crash Box with a cutting die trigger, designed to promote controlled progressive folding for high-speed railway applications. The crash box integrates four primary tubes and one secondary tube in a parallel configuration, featuring multi-segment wall thickness and a die-trigger mechanism designed to initiate controlled folding from the tube’s end. The die acts as a deformation initiator, guiding the folding sequence to occur progressively, thereby improving energy dissipation and reducing peak impact forces. Two impact models, namely the Cutting Die Model (CDM) and the Flat Model (FM), were employed to investigate the combined effects of trigger mechanism, multi-segment wall thickness, and impact direction using validated finite element simulations supported by quasi-static and drop-test experiments. Finite Element Analysis (FEA) simulations using ANSYS LS-DYNA were conducted to assess key crashworthiness indicators, including maximum crushing force (Fmax), energy absorption (EA), specific energy absorption (SEA), mean crushing force (Fmean), and crushing force efficiency (CFE). Experimental validation through quasi-static and drop tests confirmed the reliability of the simulation results. The findings reveal that the CDM configuration significantly outperforms the FM model, exhibiting lower Fmax and higher EA, SEA, and CFE values. Progressive folding initiated by the die mechanism enables more stable and efficient energy dissipation. Additionally, the impact direction influences deformation behavior, with the t₁”“tâ‚‚ configuration yielding superior performance. These results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed crash box design in meeting the stringent safety and spatial requirements of modern railway systems.
Co-Authors Anindito Purnowidodo Femiana Gapsari Moch. Agus Choiron Muhammad Latifur Rochman Muhammad Vendy Hermawan Muhammad Vendy Hermawan Nurkholis Hamidi