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All Journal Mechanical Engineering for Society and Industry
Sunaryo Sunaryo
Universitas Sains Al-Qur’an, Indonesia
Aerospace Engineering Automotive Engineering Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Control & Systems Engineering Electrical & Electronics Engineering Energy Engineering Industrial & Manufacturing Engineering Materials Science & Nanotechnology Mechanical Engineering Transportation

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Pyrolysis for plastic waste: Environmental goals vs business interests, which is more realistic? Muji Setiyo; Sunaryo Sunaryo; Muhammad Latifur Rochman
Mechanical Engineering for Society and Industry Vol 5 No 1 (2025)
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Magelang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31603/mesi.14149

Abstract

Global plastic production exceeds 390 million tons annually, yet only about 9% is recycled, leaving severe environmental impacts. Pyrolysis is emerging as a promising solution, converting plastic waste into fuels and chemicals. However, popular claims on mass media and commercial technology publications, that 1 kg of plastic yields 1 liter of fuel are misleading, as they ignore differences in mass, volume, and fuel density. Pyrolysis oil can indeed serve as fuel but often needs further refining to meet engine standards. Economically, it holds potential, with oil prices ranging from USD 600–900 per ton and syngas generating up to 800 kWh per ton. Nonetheless, high capital and operational costs challenge its feasibility, particularly for small-scale operations. Environmentally, pyrolysis aligns with sustainability and circular economy goals, potentially reducing emissions by up to 3.5 tons of CO₂-equivalent per ton of plastic processed. This paper examines pyrolysis critically, addressing misconceptions and evaluating its realistic prospects as both an environmental solution and a business venture.
Co-Authors Muhammad Latifur Rochman Muji Setiyo