Namora Purba
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Firefly Algorithm Under-sampling for Imbalance Data in Breast Cancer Survival Prediction Purba, Diya Namira; Namora Purba
Jurnal RESTI (Rekayasa Sistem dan Teknologi Informasi) Vol 10 No 1 (2026): February 2026
Publisher : Ikatan Ahli Informatika Indonesia (IAII)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29207/resti.v10i1.6439

Abstract

Breast cancer remains a major health challenge, affecting approximately 1.7 million individuals annually and often leading to severe complications. Predicting survival outcomes is difficult due to highly imbalanced data, with 3,408 death cases compared to only 616 survival cases. To address this issue, we applied the Firefly Algorithm–based under-sampling (FAUS) to balance the dataset and combined it with three machine learning classifiers: Random Forest (RF), Decision Tree (DT), and K-Nearest Neighbor (KNN). Experimental results show that FAUS substantially improves predictive performance compared to conventional under-sampling. Among the tested models, RF achieved the highest F1-score of 0.79, while DT and KNN reached 0.72 and 0.68, respectively. The results indicate that FAUS is effective in preserving representative samples, thereby enhancing model performance in breast cancer survival prediction.