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All Journal Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering & Catalysis
Yusuf, Siti Aishah
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Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Chemistry

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Effect of Sodium Borohydride to Ferric Chloride Molar Ratios on Nanoscale Zero-Valent Iron for Hydrogen Generation from Formic Acid Yusuf, Siti Aishah; Meor Ahmad Zubairi, Meor Saiful Rizal; Abdul Halim, Siti Fatimah; Chang, Siu Hua
Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering & Catalysis 2026: BCREC Volume 21 Issue 2 Year 2026 (August 2026)
Publisher : Masyarakat Katalis Indonesia - Indonesian Catalyst Society (MKICS)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.9767/bcrec.20634

Abstract

Hydrogen generation from formic acid using nanoscale zero-valent iron (nZVI) represents a promising route for low-cost and sustainable hydrogen production. However, the effect of sodium borohydride (NaBH₄) to ferric chloride (FeCl₃) molar ratio on nZVI synthesis and performance remains insufficiently explored. This study investigated how varying NaBH₄:FeCl₃ molar ratios affect nZVI synthesis characteristics and its hydrogen generation efficiency from formic acid, which acts as a safe and easily handled hydrogen carrier. nZVI was synthesized through a one-step liquid-phase chemical reduction method using NaBH₄:FeCl₃ ratios ranging from 4.4:1 to 8.8:1. UV–Vis spectroscopy indicated that the 4.4:1 ratio yielded the highest nZVI formation, reflecting optimal reduction efficiency and particle formation. Hydrogen generation experiments conducted in a closed reactor equipped with a water displacement system revealed that nZVI synthesized at the 4.4:1 ratio achieved the maximum hydrogen volume (98 mL), which progressively declined to 53 mL at the 8.8:1 ratio. These findings demonstrate that precursor molar ratios significantly influence nZVI formation, stability, and reactivity toward hydrogen evolution. An optimal NaBH₄:FeCl₃ ratio of 4.4:1 was identified for maximizing nZVI formation and hydrogen volume, providing valuable insights for developing scalable formic acid–based hydrogen generation systems. Copyright © 2026 by Authors, Published by BCREC Publishing Group. This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0).
Co-Authors Abdul Halim, Siti Fatimah Chang, Siu Hua Meor Ahmad Zubairi, Meor Saiful Rizal