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All Journal Jurnal Penelitian Kesehatan Suara Forikes
Setianingrum, Elisabeth Levina
Faculty of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Nusa Cendana, Kupang
Health Professions Medicine & Pharmacology Nursing Public Health

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Comparison of Fasting Blood Glucose and HbA1c Levels in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Based on Physical Activity Tuames, Yohana Berlina Saraswati; Setianingrum, Elisabeth Levina; Asa, Halena Meldy; Adang, Gottfrieda Patiencia Taeng-Ob
Jurnal Penelitian Kesehatan SUARA FORIKES 2026
Publisher : FORIKES

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33846/sf17a07

Abstract

Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a prevalent non-communicable disease associated with serious complications. Physical activity is a modifiable risk factor that plays an important role in glycemic control. This study aimed to analyze differences in fasting blood glucose and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels based on physical activity levels among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus at primary health care centers in Kupang City. An analytic observational study with a cross-sectional design was conducted involving 71 respondents selected through consecutive sampling. Physical activity levels were assessed using the Global Physical Activity Questionnaire (GPAQ). fasting blood glucose was measured from capillary blood samples, while HbA1c was obtained from venous blood samples. Data were analyzed using univariate and bivariate methods, and mean differences across PA categories were tested using one-way ANOVA. The results showed no statistically significant differences in fasting blood glucose (p = 0.610) or HbA1c (p = 0.283) based on physical activity levels. In conclusion, physical activity level was not significantly associated with fasting blood glucose or HbA1c among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus at primary health care centers in Kupang City. These findings suggest that optimal glycemic control requires a holistic approach, including physical activity, treatment adherence, and dietary management.Keywords: physical activity; fasting blood glucose; glycated hemoglobin; type 2 diabetes mellitus; primary health care centers
Glycemic Control Status as a Predictor of Blood Pressure in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Hasan, Juliano Fadran; Setianingrum, Elisabeth Levina; Lada, Christina Olly; Handoyo, Nicholas Edwin
Jurnal Penelitian Kesehatan SUARA FORIKES 2026
Publisher : FORIKES

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33846/sf17a08

Abstract

Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder with a rising global prevalence and is frequently accompanied by hypertension. Adequate glycemic control plays a crucial role in preventing elevated blood pressure among patients with T2DM. This study aimed to compare systolic and diastolic blood pressure between patients with controlled and uncontrolled glycemic status. An analytical cross-sectional design was employed involving 71 patients with T2DM from three primary healthcare centers. Data were collected through measurement of glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels to determine glycemic control status, along with blood pressure measurements. The data were analyzed using the Independent Samples t-test in JASP software. The statistical analysis revealed a significant difference in systolic blood pressure (p = 0.020) and diastolic blood pressure (p = 0.039) between the controlled and uncontrolled groups. Patients with uncontrolled HbA1c levels exhibited higher systolic and diastolic blood pressure compared to those with controlled HbA1c levels. These findings highlight the importance of routine HbA1c monitoring in primary healthcare settings to prevent hypertension among patients with T2DM. In conclusion, glycemic control status may serve as a significant predictor of blood pressure levels in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.Keywords: blood pressure; type 2 diabetes mellitus; glycated hemoglobin; hypertension; primary healthcare centers
Co-Authors Adang, Gottfrieda Patiencia Taeng-Ob Asa, Halena Meldy Handoyo, Nicholas Edwin Hasan, Juliano Fadran Lada, Christina Olly Tuames, Yohana Berlina Saraswati