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All Journal ASEAN Journal for Science and Engineering in Materials
Ishak, Norfatiha
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Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Civil Engineering, Building, Construction & Architecture Industrial & Manufacturing Engineering Materials Science & Nanotechnology Mechanical Engineering

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Influence of Air Conditioning on the Vertical Deposition and Inhalation Risk of Indoor Microplastics Ishak, Norfatiha; Jamian, Nor Ruwaida; Dewika, M.; Yusuf, Sara Yasina; Ali, Roshafima Rasit; Samsukamal, Nur Aqilah
ASEAN Journal for Science and Engineering in Materials Vol 5, No 3 (2026): (ONLINE FIRST) AJSEM: Volume 5, Issue 3, December 2026
Publisher : Bumi Publikasi Nusantara

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Abstract

Indoor environments are important pathways of microplastic (MP) exposure because people spend long periods indoors and are surrounded by synthetic textiles and plastic-based furnishings. This study examined how air-conditioning (AC)-induced air recirculation affects the vertical deposition and inhalation risk of MPs in a closed, furnished bedroom. Passive samplers were placed at floor level (0.2 m) and breathing height (1.2 m) under stagnant air (SA), low-temperature AC (LTA), and high-temperature AC (HTA) conditions. Results showed that AC transformed the indoor atmosphere from a settling-dominant to a recirculating-suspension state. Under SA, larger MPs (>500 µm) settled mainly to the floor, whereas AC increased MP deposition at breathing height and redistributed particles into the inhalation zone. Smaller fractions (<100 µm) and more diverse polymers, including polypropylene, polystyrene, and polyvinyl acetate, were also detected under AC operation. Overall, AC may improve comfort while unintentionally increasing indoor inhalation exposure to MPs.
Co-Authors Ali, Roshafima Rasit Dewika, M. Jamian, Nor Ruwaida Samsukamal, Nur Aqilah Yusuf, Sara Yasina