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NIM. A1011221216, LIA HARYANA
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ANALISIS WASIAT ELEKTRONIK DALAM SISTEM HUKUM AMERIKA SERIKAT DAN POTENSI PENERAPANNYA DALAM HUKUM INDONESIA NIM. A1011221216, LIA HARYANA
Jurnal Fatwa Hukum Vol 9, No 1 (2026): E-Jurnal Fatwa Hukum
Publisher : Fakultas Hukum Universitas Tanjungpura

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Abstract

ABSTRAK Perkembangan teknologi informasi telah membawa perubahan besar dalam berbagai bidang kehidupan, termasuk dalam bidang hukum waris melalui munculnya konsep wasiat elektronik. Di luar negeri, khususnya Amerika Serikat, wasiat elektronik telah memperoleh pengakuan hukum melalui Uniform Electronic Wills Act (UEWA) sebagai bentuk wasiat terakhir yang dibuat dan disimpan secara elektronik. Berbeda dengan perkembangan tersebut, hukum Indonesia masih mempertahankan sistem formalitas konvensional dalam pembuatan wasiat yang mensyaratkan bentuk tertulis, kehadiran fisik, serta keterlibatan langsung notaris sebagai pejabat umum pembuat akta autentik. Berdasarkan kondisi tersebut, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis hukum wasiat elektronik di negara Amerika Serikat dan beberapa negara bagiannya, serta menganalisis kemungkinan penerapannya dalam praktik hukum notaris di Indonesia. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian yuridis normatif dengan sifat penelitian deskriptif. Pendekatan yang digunakan meliputi pendekatan peraturan perundang-undangan, pendekatan konseptual, dan pendekatan perbandingan. Data penelitian diperoleh melalui studi kepustakaan dengan mengkaji bahan hukum primer dan sekunder yang berkaitan dengan wasiat elektronik, hukum waris, serta kewenangan notaris. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa wasiat elektronik merupakan bentuk adaptasi hukum waris terhadap perkembangan teknologi yang tidak mengubah esensi wasiat sebagai perbuatan hukum sepihak, sebagaimana telah diterapkan di Amerika Serikat melalui Uniform Electronic Wills Act dan diimplementasikan di beberapa negara bagian seperti District of Columbia, Indiana, dan Washington. Namun dalam hukum Indonesia, penerapan wasiat elektronik oleh notaris belum dapat dilaksanakan saat ini, karena masih adanya ketentuan hukum yang mewajibkan bentuk fisik dan prosedur konvensional dalam pembuatan wasiat dan akta autentik. Meskipun demikian, wasiat elektronik tetap memiliki peluang untuk diterapkan di Indonesia pada masa mendatang seiring dengan perkembangan teknologi dan kebutuhan masyarakat. Oleh karena itu, diperlukan pembaruan peraturan perundang-undangan guna menyesuaikan dengan perkembangan teknologi, tanpa mengurangi kepastian dan perlindungan hukum dalam praktik kenotariatan, dengan esensi bahwa pembuat kebijakan dan praktisi hukum perlu mulai mempersiapkan kerangka regulasi, standar teknis, serta peningkatan kapasitas notaris agar siap menghadapi transformasi digital. Kata Kunci: Wasiat Elektronik, Akta Notaris, Kewenangan Notaris, Hukum Waris, KUHPerdata.   ABSTRACT The development of information technology has brought about significant changes in various areas of life, including in inheritance law through the emergence of the concept of electronic wills. Abroad, particularly in the United States, electronic wills have gained legal recognition through the Uniform Electronic Wills Act (UEWA) as a form of last will created and stored electronically. In contrast to these developments, Indonesian law still maintains a conventional formal system in making wills that requires a written form, physical presence, and the direct involvement of a notary as a public official making authentic deeds. Based on these conditions, this study aims to analyze the law on electronic wills in the United States and several of its states, as well as analyze the possibility of its application in notarial legal practice in Indonesia. This study employs a normative juridical research method with a descriptive nature. The approaches employed include a statutory regulatory approach, a conceptual approach, and a comparative approach. Data were obtained through a literature review, examining primary and secondary legal materials related to electronic wills, inheritance law, and notary authority. The results of the study indicate that electronic wills are a form of inheritance law adaptation to technological developments that do not change the essence of wills as unilateral legal acts, as has been implemented in the United States through the Uniform Electronic Wills Act and implemented in several states such as the District of Columbia, Indiana, and Washington. However, in Indonesian law, the implementation of electronic wills by notaries cannot be implemented at this time, because there are still legal provisions that require physical forms and conventional procedures in making authentic wills and deeds. Nevertheless, electronic wills still have the opportunity to be implemented in Indonesia in the future along with technological developments and community needs. Therefore, it is necessary to update legislation to adapt to technological developments, without reducing legal certainty and protection in notarial practice, with the essence that policymakers and legal practitioners need to begin preparing a regulatory framework, technical standards, and increasing the capacity of notaries to be ready to face the digital transformation. Keywords: Electronic Wills, Notarial Deeds, Notary Authority, Inheritance Law, Civil Code.