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Dlamini, Thembelihle
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Satellite-based assisted-offloading for energy-constrained edge networks Dlamini, Thembelihle; A. Mulatu, Mengistu; Vilakati, Sifiso
Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Vol 41, No 3: March 2026
Publisher : Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11591/ijeecs.v41.i3.pp935-945

Abstract

As the need for global broadband internet connectivity increases, there is a need to consider the use of non-terrestrial networks (NTNs) to extend the network coverage to protected areas (e.g., national parks). Usually, protected areas are prohibited from having power lines thus lacking wireless connectivity. To over come this challenge, energy can be provided through the use of green energy from a solar photovoltaic (PV) system. Then, a green energy-based base station (BS) can be deployed within the area in order to provide mobile connectivity to visitors, as well as also using the NTNs to handle excess traffic or take over the traffic in the event the BS does not have sufficient green energy from stor age. In this paper, a hybrid wireless communication system is proposed to in clude BS sites located in a protected area and satellites in the low earth orbits (LEO), coupled with new offloading strategies, with the main goal of optimizing the trade-off between energy consumption and end-to-end delay for the green energy-based BS sites. For accuracy of our simulations, we consider real data from a solar photovoltaics system, traffic workloads, visitor’s location data, and satellite orbits from Starlink constellations. Our results demonstrate that the co existence of the BS and satellite achieve energy savings from 59% to 34%, with an average system delay of 0.83 seconds and a packet drop rate that ranges from 8.3% to 2.7%, when compared with our benchmark.
Mobility-aware adaptive tag selection strategy in ambient backscatter systems Abera Mulatu, Mengistu; Dlamini, Thembelihle; Nkosingiphile Nyembe, Wiseman; Police Ncube, Zenzo; Mulatu Beyene, Asrat
Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Vol 41, No 3: March 2026
Publisher : Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11591/ijeecs.v41.i3.pp924-934

Abstract

Ambient backscatter communication (AmBC) has emerged as a promising solution to enable ultra-low-power connectivity in large-scale internet of things (IoTs) and future 6G mobile networks. In this paper, we consider a mobility-aware AmBC system, where a mobile user equipped with a reader in teracts with multiple passive tags deployed in the coverage area of a base station (BS). To achieve high decoding reliability, an adaptive tag selection scheme is proposed based on received signal strength (RSS) and interference constraints. Here, we derive a closed-form expression of the outage probabilities of both the mobile user and tags taking into account the Rayleigh double-fading nature of backscatter links. Performance evaluation carried out through simulations vali dates the theoretical analysis based on various selected system parameters. The results obtained show that the proposed adaptive scheme significantly improves system reliability compared to fixed tag selection strategies, thus emphasizing the importance of mobility-aware and context-driven adaptation in mobile IoT scenarios such as smart transportation and aerial data collection.
Co-Authors A. Mulatu, Mengistu Abera Mulatu, Mengistu Mulatu Beyene, Asrat Nkosingiphile Nyembe, Wiseman Police Ncube, Zenzo Vilakati, Sifiso