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All Journal BIOLINK (Jurnal Biologi Lingkungan, Industri, Kesehatan) Kenanga : Journal of Biological sciences and Applied Biology
Imelda Maelani
Universitas Syiah Kuala
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Environmental Science Immunology & microbiology

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MOLECULAR PHYLOGENY OF RODENTIA DERIVED FROM NRAS GENE SEQUENCES Yudi Gebri Foenna; Hartono Hartono; Imelda Maelani
BIOLINK (Jurnal Biologi Lingkungan Industri Kesehatan) Vol. 12 No. 2 (2026): Biolink February
Publisher : Universitas Medan Area

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31289/biolink.v12i2.16827

Abstract

Rodentia is the most diverse mammalian order, yet phylogenetic relationships among several rodent lineages remain incompletely resolved, particularly when inferred predominantly from mitochondrial markers. This study aims to assess the potential of the nuclear NRAS (Neuroblastoma RAS viral oncogene homolog) gene for reconstructing rodent phylogeny. A total of 18 NRAS nucleotide sequences representing major rodent families were retrieved from the NCBI GenBank database, with Equus caballus and Oryctolagus cuniculus used as outgroups. Sequence alignment and model selection were performed using MEGA 12 under Maximum Likelihood criteria. Phylogenetic reconstruction was conducted using the Maximum Likelihood method with the T92+G+I substitution model and 1,000 bootstrap replicates. Pairwise genetic distances were estimated using the p-distance method and visualized through a heatmap to examine divergence patterns. The results indicated that NRAS evolution is best explained by models incorporating invariant sites and rate heterogeneity, reflecting strong functional constraints combined with lineage-specific variation. The inferred phylogeny is largely congruent with established rodent systematics, and genetic distance patterns independently support the recovered topology. These findings suggest that NRAS represents a reliable nuclear marker that offers complementary phylogenetic information alongside mitochondrial data in Rodentia phylogenetic studies.
Potensi Senyawa Bioaktif Kulit Kayu Syzygium cumini Sebagai Agen Antikanker dan Antimikroba: Sebuah Tinjauan Pustaka Widya Syahfitri; Febry Rahmadhani Hasibuan; Imelda Maelani; Adelia Irawan Manulu
KENANGA : Journal of Biological Sciences and Applied Biology Vol. 6 No. 1 (2026): April 2026
Publisher : Program Studi Biologi Fakultas Sains dan Teknologi Universitas Islam Negeri Ar-Raniry Banda Aceh, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22373/kenanga.v6i1.9648

Abstract

The Jamblang bark of Syzygium cumini contains diverse bioactive secondary metabolites with notable anticancer and antimicrobial potential. This review summarizes recent studies on the active compounds of S. cumini bark and their underlying biological mechanisms. A literature review was conducted following PRISMA-based guidelines by searching databases including PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar for articles published between 2010 and 2025. Studies were selected based on relevance to S. cumini bark, phytochemical composition, and anticancer or antimicrobial activity. The results indicate that S. cumini bark  major constituents include flavonoids (quercetin, kaempferol, myricetin), phenolic acids (ellagic acid, gallic acid), tannins, and triterpenoids (friedelin, betulinic acid). These compounds exhibit anticancer activity by inducing apoptosis and inhibiting cancer cell proliferation through pathways such as NF-κB suppression (ellagic acid) and mitochondrial activation (betulinic acid). In antimicrobial studies, the n-hexane fraction of S. cumini bark extract effectively inhibits Salmonella typhi, likely via cell wall disruption by flavonoids and tannins. A summary of the active compounds and their biological activities is presented in tabular form. Overall, S. cumini bark demonstrates strong potential as a source of phytopharmaceutical candidates for anticancer and antibacterial development, highlighting the need for further compound isolation and pharmacological validation. Keywords: Anticancer, antimicrobial, Syzygium cumini, bark, bioactive compound
Co-Authors Adelia Irawan Manulu Febry Rahmadhani Hasibuan Hartono Hartono Widya Syahfitri Yudi Gebri Foenna