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ANALYSIS OF EMISSION CHARACTERISTICS OF A B35 WITH HYDROGEN PEROXIDE EMULSION WITHOUT SURFACTANTS Agus Mulyana; Muhammad Fariedz Irawan; Fakhrul Afif Uzair; Dhani Avianto Sugeng; Kurnia Fajar Adhi Sukra; Frendy Rian Saputro; Wira Jazair Yahya; Rizqon Fajar; Boni Sena; Ujiburrahman
Scientific Journal of Mechanical Engineering Kinematika Vol 11 No 1 (2026): SJME Kinematika June 2026
Publisher : Mechanical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Lambung Mangkurat

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20527/sjmekinematika.v11i1.870

Abstract

The use of hydrogen peroxide or H2O2 as a fuel additive is known to improve the combustion quality of conventional fuels, including Indonesia’s biodiesel B35. Because H2O2 and B35 do not mix naturally, the H2O2 must be emulsified into B35 to ensure stable fuel delivery and consistent combustion. Conventional emulsification methods typically rely on chemical surfactants, which require a separate preparation step. This study therefore aimed to evaluate the effects of an H2O2–B35 emulsion (HPBE) produced without surfactants on diesel engine performance and emissions. The emulsion was prepared using B35 as the base fuel and 10% (v/v) of 30% aqueous H2O2 as the dispersed phase. Emulsification was carried out using an inline mixer known as the Real-Time Non-Surfactant Emulsion Fuel Supply System (RTES). Engine tests were performed on a Kubota Z482 operating at a constant speed of 2800 rpm under loads of 2.7, 8, 13, 19, and 26 Nm, applied using a Cussons eddy current dynamometer. The parameters measured include Brake Specific Fuel Consumption (BSFC), exhaust gas temperature (EGT) as well as Carbon Monoxide (CO), Carbon Dioxide (CO2), Nitrogen Oxide (NOx) emissions, and smoke opacity. The results showed that, compared to B35, HPBE improved all measured parameters across all loads. BSFC decreased, with the maximum reduction of 22.9% occurring at 8 Nm. At full load, HPBE produced the maximum reductions in smoke opacity (31.3%), CO (29.5%), and CO2 (11.2%). Meanwhile, the maximum NOx reduction of 14.3% was observed at 75% load.
STABILITY OF NON-SURFACTANT WATER AND HYDROGEN PEROXIDE EMULSIONS IN B0 AND B35 USING INLINE MIXER Muhammad Fariedz Irawan; Frendy Rian Saputro; Dhani Avianto Sugeng; Agus Mulyana; Kurnia Fajar Adhi Sukra; Fakhrul Afif Uzair; Wira Jazair Yahya; Rizqon Fajar; Boni Sena; Ujiburrahman Ujiburrahman
Scientific Journal of Mechanical Engineering Kinematika Vol 11 No 1 (2026): SJME Kinematika June 2026
Publisher : Mechanical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Lambung Mangkurat

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20527/sjmekinematika.v11i1.882

Abstract

Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) enrichment is known to enhance combustion efficiency in diesel engines; however, its application as an emulsion is restricted by phase instability in the absence of chemical surfactants. This study investigates the stability and temperature characteristics of non-surfactant emulsions produced using an inline mixer known as the Real-Time Emulsion Supply System (RTES). Four emulsion types were formulated using water and aqueous H2O2 (5-15 vol%) as the dispersed phase, with neat diesel (B0) and biodiesel (B35) serving as the continuous phase: water-in-B0 (WD), H2O2-in-B0 (HD), water-in-B35 (WB), and H2O2-in-B35 (HB). The emulsions were prepared using RTES with a residence time of 180 s. During the preparation, the temperature was continuously recorded using a Graphtec GL840 data logger. The phase separation was monitored over 600 s using a Canon-EM3 camera. Results demonstrate that B35-based emulsions exhibit higher stability compared to B0-based emulsions. The stability tests showed distinct phase separation ratios for each formulation: 12.67% for WD, 10.67% for HD, 4.67% for WB, and 4.27% for HB. Meanwhile, the temperature rise (ΔT) varied slightly by formulation, ranging from 1.67-1.97 °C for WD and HD, and from 2.33-2.73 °C for WB and HB.