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Jawad N. K. Makassees
Ministry of Education, General Directorate of Wasit Education, Wasit
Medicine & Pharmacology Public Health

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Escherichia coli Triggers Intestinal Inflammation and Mucosal Damage Through Immune Activation: Escherichia coli Memicu Peradangan Usus dan Kerusakan Mukosa Melalui Aktivasi Kekebalan Tubuh Mohammed I. Hammood; Jawad N. K. Makassees
Academia Open Vol. 10 No. 1 (2025): June
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21070/acopen.10.2025.10674

Abstract

General Background: The intestinal mucosa plays a crucial role in immune defense and homeostasis. Specific Background: Pathogenic Escherichia coli (E. coli) infection disrupts this balance, triggering immune responses and inflammation. Knowledge Gap: The detailed immune mechanisms underlying E. coli infection, including cytokine production and immune cell infiltration, remain poorly understood. Aims: This study investigates the immune responses, cytokine production, and mucosal damage induced by E. coli infection. Results: Using murine models and clinical samples, E. coli infection resulted in elevated cytokine levels (TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β), increased immune cell infiltration (neutrophils, macrophages, T cells), and mucosal damage, such as reduced villus height and increased crypt depth. Novelty: This research provides comprehensive insights into the immunological and histopathological consequences of E. coli infection, integrating cytokine analysis, immune profiling, and tissue damage assessment. Implications: The findings highlight potential therapeutic targets for preserving intestinal mucosal integrity and reducing systemic inflammation. Future studies should focus on exploring molecular mechanisms and developing interventions to mitigate the impact of E. coli infections. Highlights: E. coli disrupts intestinal mucosa, triggering immune responses and inflammation. Investigate immune responses, cytokine production, and mucosal damage due to E. coli. Elevated cytokines, immune cell infiltration, and mucosal damage highlight systemic inflammation. Keywords: E. coli, immunity, intestine
Antibacterial activity of Fe2O3/MgO Nanoparticles against Escherichia coli isolated from contaminated Water: Aktivitas Antibakteri Nanopartikel Fe2O3/MgO terhadap Escherichia coli yang diisolasi dari Air yang terkontaminasi Ali A. Fayyadh; Jawad N. K. Makassees; Ali K. Hattab
Academia Open Vol. 10 No. 1 (2025): June
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21070/acopen.10.2025.10753

Abstract

General Background: Water contamination by pathogenic bacteria, particularly Escherichia coli, poses serious public health risks, necessitating the development of effective antibacterial agents. Specific Background: Nanoparticles synthesized via green chemistry offer an environmentally sustainable alternative for bacterial control, with metal oxide nanoparticles demonstrating promising antimicrobial properties. Knowledge Gap: Despite extensive research on metal oxide nanoparticles, comparative studies on Fe₂O₃ and MgO nanoparticles synthesized from Allium sativum extract remain limited, particularly regarding their antibacterial efficacy against E. coli in contaminated water. Aims: This study investigates the antibacterial activity and characterization of Fe₂O₃ and MgO nanoparticles synthesized via a green synthesis method using Allium sativum extract, evaluating their efficacy against E. coli isolates. Results: Characterization via X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) confirmed the structural and morphological properties of the nanoparticles. Fe₂O₃ nanoparticles exhibited superior antibacterial activity, generating 20 mm inhibition zones compared to MgO's 12-15 mm zones, attributed to their smaller size (24.41 nm), amorphous nature, and increased surface area. Novelty: This study highlights the potential of Allium sativum-mediated Fe₂O₃ nanoparticles as a more effective antibacterial agent than MgO nanoparticles. Implications: These findings support the application of green-synthesized metal oxide nanoparticles in sustainable water treatment solutions, contributing to advancements in antimicrobial technology. Highlights: Higher Antibacterial Efficiency – Fe₂O₃ outperforms MgO in inhibition zones. Eco-Friendly Synthesis – Allium sativum ensures green nanoparticle production. Water Treatment Potential – Effective against bacterial contamination in water. Keywords: Fe₂O₃ nanoparticles, MgO nanoparticles, antibacterial activity, green synthesis, water treatment
Co-Authors Ali A. Fayyadh Ali K. Hattab Mohammed I. Hammood