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Zahraa Ali Nashoor Alnawas
Department of First-Year Teacher, College of Basic Education, University of Thi-Qar, Thi-Qar
Medicine & Pharmacology Public Health

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Tryptophan Degradation and Role NAD+ , SIRT1 of Ischemic Heart Diseases: Degradasi Triptofan dan Peran NAD+ , SIRT1 dalam Penyakit Jantung Iskemik Kareema A. Dakhil; Zahraa Ali Nashoor Alnawas
Academia Open Vol. 10 No. 2 (2025): December
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21070/acopen.10.2025.12658

Abstract

General Background: Ischemic heart disease (IHD) remains a major global health burden, primarily driven by atherosclerosis, thrombosis, and chronic inflammation. Specific Background: Emerging evidence implicates amino acid metabolism, particularly the tryptophan (Trp)–kynurenine pathway, in cardiovascular pathogenesis through its interplay with inflammation and energy homeostasis. Knowledge Gap: While the kynurenine pathway has been linked to cardiovascular disease, the specific role of Trp degradation in IHD, especially regarding NAD+ metabolism and SIRT1 regulation, is not well established. Aims: This study examined the association between Trp catabolism, NAD+ availability, SIRT1 expression, and inflammatory markers in IHD patients. Results: Compared with healthy controls, IHD patients exhibited significantly reduced serum Trp and NAD+ levels, while SIRT1 expression was markedly elevated. In parallel, inflammatory markers including CRP and Troponin were consistently higher across myocardial infarction, angina, and heart failure groups. Novelty: These findings highlight a distinct metabolic-inflammatory axis in IHD, where enhanced Trp degradation coincides with disrupted NAD+ homeostasis and compensatory SIRT1 elevation. Implications: Targeting Trp metabolism, NAD+ pathways, and SIRT1 regulation may offer novel diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic strategies for IHD and related cardiovascular conditions.Highlight : Serum tryptophan and NAD+ levels are lower in IHD patients. SIRT1 levels are significantly higher compared to controls. CRP and troponin confirm inflammation and heart damage. Keywords : Ischemic Heart Disease, Tryptophan, NAD+, SIRT1, CRP, Troponin
Biochemical Profiles in Women with Parathyroid Carcinoma Under Chemotherapy Zahraa Ali Nashoor Alnawas; Kawther hussein Dikain
Academia Open Vol. 10 No. 2 (2025): December
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21070/acopen.10.2025.12989

Abstract

General Background: Parathyroid carcinoma is a rare endocrine malignancy characterized by excessive parathyroid hormone secretion and severe metabolic disruption. Specific Background: Although its biochemical profile is well documented, evidence describing how chemotherapy influences circulating calcium, phosphate, vitamin D metabolites, and trace elements—particularly among older women—remains limited. Knowledge Gap: Few studies systematically compare these biochemical alterations with healthy controls to determine the extent of treatment-associated metabolic derangement. Aims: This study evaluates and correlates key biochemical parameters in women with parathyroid carcinoma undergoing chemotherapy relative to age-matched healthy subjects. Results: Findings demonstrated significantly elevated serum calcium and parathyroid hormone, alongside reduced phosphate, 25(OH)D, 1,25(OH)₂D, zinc, and iron in the patient group, indicating marked disruptions across mineral metabolism, vitamin D dynamics, and trace element homeostasis. Novelty: The study provides one of the first integrated biochemical assessments focused exclusively on chemotreated female patients, revealing a broader metabolic signature than previously recognized. Implications: These results highlight the importance of comprehensive biochemical monitoring to improve diagnostic accuracy, evaluate treatment response, and anticipate complications, thereby supporting more precise management strategies for parathyroid carcinoma.Highlight : Elevated calcium and PTH are the key biochemical disturbances. Reduced phosphate and vitamin D indicate notable metabolic impairment. Trace element changes support the need for comprehensive biochemical evaluation. Keywords : Parathyroid Carcinoma, Hypercalcemia, Parathyroid Hormone (PTH), Vitamin D Deficiency, Hypophosphatemia
The Impact of Lactobacillus Infection During Pregnancy on Metabolic and Immune Parameters in Women 40 Days Post-Delivery: Dampak Infeksi Lactobacillus Selama Kehamilan terhadap Parameter Metabolik dan Imun pada Wanita 40 Hari Pasca Persalinan Zahraa Ali Nashoor Alnawas; Kareema A. Dakhil
Academia Open Vol. 10 No. 2 (2025): December
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21070/acopen.10.2025.13014

Abstract

Background: Lactobacillus normally plays a protective role in the maternal microbiome, yet under certain dysbiotic conditions it may be associated with metabolic and immunological disturbances during pregnancy. Specific Background: Evidence regarding postpartum health consequences of Lactobacillus infection remains limited, particularly its link to inflammatory and metabolic alterations. Gap: No studies have assessed metabolic and immune outcomes 40 days postpartum among women infected with Lactobacillus during pregnancy. Aim: This study examines postpartum metabolic profiles, inflammatory markers, and immune balance in women previously exposed to Lactobacillus infection. Methods: A cross-sectional comparison of 100 infected and 100 healthy women was conducted using clinical, biochemical, and immunological assessments. Results: Infected women exhibited higher fasting glucose, cholesterol, triglycerides, blood pressure, CRP, IL-6, IL-8, TNF-α, TPOAb, and TgAb, alongside lymphopenia and a Th1-dominant immune shift. Novelty: This study provides early evidence that Lactobacillus-associated dysbiosis in pregnancy may contribute to sustained metabolic and immune dysregulation beyond delivery. Implications: Findings highlight the importance of monitoring postpartum women with pregnancy-related dysbiosis and suggest a potential role of microbiome alteration in long-term maternal health. Highlights:• Distinct postpartum metabolic disturbances in infected women• Marked inflammatory activation associated with dysbiosis• Altered Th1/Th2 balance persisting after delivery Keywords: Lactobacillus Infection, Postpartum Metabolism, Immune Imbalance, Cytokines, Maternal Health
Co-Authors Kareema A. Dakhil Kareema A. Dakhil Kawther hussein Dikain