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DINAMIKA INTERDEPENDENSI PADA KAUSALITAS PERTUMBUHAN EKONOMI DAN NERACA PEMBAYARAN INDONESIA Juwita Suwondo; Aris Siswati; Renaldi
E-Jurnal Ekonomi dan Bisnis Universitas Udayana VOLUME.15.NO.03.TAHUN.2026
Publisher : Fakultas Ekonomi dan Bisnis Universitas Udayana

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24843/EEB.2026.v15.i03.p06

Abstract

Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis dinamika interdependensi antara pertumbuhan ekonomi dan neraca pembayaran Indonesia periode 1980-2024. Sumber data berasal dari Badan Pusat Statistik dan Bank Dunia. Metode analisis yang digunakan adalah Granger Causality dan Kointegrasi Johansen dengan uji stabilitas model. Hasil menunjukkan hubungan kausal satu arah dari pertumbuhan ekonomi terhadap neraca pembayaran Indonesia dalam jangka pendek, serta hubungan kointegrasi inverse atau negatif dalam jangka panjang dimana peningkatan 1 persen pertumbuhan ekonomi berasosiasi dengan penurunan neraca pembayaran Indonesia. Dalam jangka panjang, terdapat temuan berupa mekanisme koreksi error untuk dapat kembali ke ekuilibrium sebesar 9,86 persen per tahun. Temuan pada penelitian ini mengindikasikan adanya trade-off struktural dalam model pertumbuhan ekonomi Indonesia yang masih memiliki kecenderungan pada aktivitas impor, serta merupakan refleksi paradoks antara mengejar pertumbuhan tinggi atau menjaga surplus neraca pembayaran. Penelitian ini merekomendasikan transformasi struktural ekonomi menuju model pertumbuhan ekonomi yang lebih berkelanjutan dan tidak membebani neraca pembayaran melalui kebijakan industrialisasi substitusi impor dan peningkatan ekspor bernilai tambah.   This study aims to analyze the dynamics of interdependence between economic growth and Indonesia's balance of payments for the period 1980-2024. Data sources come from the Central Bureau of Statistics and the World Bank. The analytical methods used are Granger Causality and Johansen Cointegration with a model stability test. The results show a one-way causal relationship between economic growth and Indonesia's balance of payments in the short term, as well as an inverse atau negative cointegration relationship in the long term, where a 1 percentage increase in economic growth is associated with a decline in Indonesia's balance of payments. In the long term, there is a finding of an error correction mechanism to return to equilibrium at 9.86 percent per year. The findings in this study indicate a structural trade-off in Indonesia's economic growth model, which still tends to favor import activities, and reflects the paradox between pursuing high growth or maintaining a balance of payments surplus. This study recommends a structural transformation of the economy towards a more sustainable economic growth model that does not burden the balance of payments through import substitution industrialization policies and increased value-added exports.
Volatility Modelling and Forecasting of Indonesia-USA Currency Using Constant Conditional Multivariate GARCH Juwita Suwondo
Journal of Macroeconomics and Social Development Vol. 3 No. 2 (2025): December
Publisher : Indonesian Journal Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.47134/jmsd.v3i2.953

Abstract

This paper estimated and forecasted the volatility of USD/IDR exchange rate using Constant Conditional Multivariate GARCH (Generalized Autoregressive Conditional Heteroskedasticity) and ARIMA (Autoregressive Moving Average) as the methods. The objective of this study is to comprehend and to execute a projection of the currency of Indonesia and Philippines while understanding the rapid movement of the variables (volatilility). The variables used are USD/IDR, Jakarta Stock Exchange Composite Index (JCI), World Oil Price, and Nominal Broad U.S. Dollar Index. The data was daily, taken from World Bank, Federal Reserve Economic Data, and Indonesian Stock Exchange during 2006-2025. The result showed that there was short term autoregressive moving average dynamics in USD/IDR return, through Mean Equation. The GARCH model showed high persistence of volatility and the shocks showed indication of long-lasting in term of duration. Persistent volatility implied that USD/IDR was sensitive to external shocks. The result also confirmed that the volatility is time-varying, meaning the fluctuations tend to cluster into specific downturn or upturn movement. The method used in this study did not consider about different period in volatility (leverage effect) as it used symmetric volatility as assumption.