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All Journal African Multidisciplinary Journal of Sciences and Artificial Intelligence Open Access DRIVERset Kwaghe International Journal of Sciences and Technology Open Access DRIVERset
P. J. Tsokwa
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Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Environmental Science Law, Crime, Criminology & Criminal Justice Materials Science & Nanotechnology Social Sciences

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Economics of Catfish Production in Taraba State P. J. Tsokwa; F. B. Filli; J. L. Gizaki
African Multidisciplinary Journal of Sciences and Artificial Intelligence Vol 3 No 1 (2026): African Multidisciplinary Journal of Sciences and Artificial Intelligence
Publisher : Darul Yasin Al Sys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/amjsai.v3i1.9307

Abstract

Catfish production has emerged as a potentially important livelihood and food security enterprise in Taraba State; however, its productivity and sustainability remain shaped by farmer characteristics, input use, and persistent structural constraints. This study examined the economics of catfish production in Taraba State by describing the socioeconomic characteristics of fish farmers, analyzing profitability, identifying the factors influencing production output, and determining the major constraints affecting producers. Primary data were collected from 120 fish farmers across 14 local government areas using purposive sampling. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, gross margin analysis, and regression modeling. The findings showed that 65% of the farmers were male, 93% were below 50 years of age, 59% were married, 95% had formal education, 92% had 10 years or less of fish-farming experience, 65% belonged to cooperative societies, and 95% operated with a stocking density of 1,500 or less. Catfish farming was found to be economically viable, with a benefit–cost ratio of 1.51, although feed accounted for 54.42% of variable costs. The multiple regression model produced an R² of 0.889 and a high F-value of 823.110, significant at the 1% level, indicating strong explanatory power. Feed, labor, and water exerted positive and significant effects on output, whereas pond size had a negative and significant effect. The major constraints identified were lack of subsidies, insufficient capital, poor government support, and high feed costs. The study concludes that catfish production in Taraba State is profitable but constrained by high input costs and limited institutional support. These findings imply that targeted subsidies, improved access to credit, policy reforms to reduce production costs, infrastructure development, and farmer training are essential to enhance productivity, strengthen livelihoods, and expand the contribution of aquaculture to the state economy.
Economics of Catfish Production in Taraba State P. J. Tsokwa; F. B. Filli; J. L. Gizaki
African Multidisciplinary Journal of Sciences and Artificial Intelligence Vol 3 No 1 (2026): African Multidisciplinary Journal of Sciences and Artificial Intelligence
Publisher : Darul Yasin Al Sys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/amjsai.v3i1.9307

Abstract

Catfish production has emerged as a potentially important livelihood and food security enterprise in Taraba State; however, its productivity and sustainability remain shaped by farmer characteristics, input use, and persistent structural constraints. This study examined the economics of catfish production in Taraba State by describing the socioeconomic characteristics of fish farmers, analyzing profitability, identifying the factors influencing production output, and determining the major constraints affecting producers. Primary data were collected from 120 fish farmers across 14 local government areas using purposive sampling. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, gross margin analysis, and regression modeling. The findings showed that 65% of the farmers were male, 93% were below 50 years of age, 59% were married, 95% had formal education, 92% had 10 years or less of fish-farming experience, 65% belonged to cooperative societies, and 95% operated with a stocking density of 1,500 or less. Catfish farming was found to be economically viable, with a benefit–cost ratio of 1.51, although feed accounted for 54.42% of variable costs. The multiple regression model produced an R² of 0.889 and a high F-value of 823.110, significant at the 1% level, indicating strong explanatory power. Feed, labor, and water exerted positive and significant effects on output, whereas pond size had a negative and significant effect. The major constraints identified were lack of subsidies, insufficient capital, poor government support, and high feed costs. The study concludes that catfish production in Taraba State is profitable but constrained by high input costs and limited institutional support. These findings imply that targeted subsidies, improved access to credit, policy reforms to reduce production costs, infrastructure development, and farmer training are essential to enhance productivity, strengthen livelihoods, and expand the contribution of aquaculture to the state economy.
Evaluation of Economics Efficiency of Yam Production in Wukari Local Government Area of Taraba State P. J. Tsokwa
Kwaghe International Journal of Sciences and Technology Vol 3 No 3 (2026): Kwaghe International Journal of Sciences and Technology
Publisher : Darul Yasin Al Sys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/kijst.v3i3.12027

Abstract

Improving resource-use efficiency is essential for enhancing the profitability and sustainability of yam production. This study assessed the costs and returns and evaluated the technical and economic efficiency of yam production in Wukari Local Government Area, Taraba State, Nigeria. Primary data were collected from 120 yam farmers selected through a multistage sampling procedure and analyzed using net farm income analysis and stochastic frontier models. The results indicate that yam production was profitable, generating an average gross margin of ₦217,441.67, with a total variable cost of ₦628,830.25 and a return of ₦0.30 per naira invested. Seed represented the largest variable-cost component (49%), followed by labour (38%). The stochastic production frontier yielded a gamma estimate of 0.87, indicating that 87% of the composite-error variance was attributable to technical inefficiency. The economic efficiency analysis similarly attributed 92% of the observed variation to differences in farmers’ economic efficiency. Farm size, seed quantity, fertilizer application, and labour positively influenced yam output, whereas agrochemical use had a negative association, suggesting possible overapplication or inappropriate use. Educational attainment, household size, farming experience, and age significantly reduced economic inefficiency, demonstrating the importance of farmers’ socioeconomic characteristics and human capital. The study concludes that although yam production in the study area is profitable, considerable scope remains for improving technical and economic efficiency through more effective resource allocation, greater access to credit, and the adoption of improved farming practices. These findings provide empirical guidance for policies that prioritize subsidized production inputs, strengthened agricultural extension services, farmer education, and expanded credit access to improve the productivity and sustainability of yam production.
Evaluation of Economics Efficiency of Yam Production in Wukari Local Government Area of Taraba State P. J. Tsokwa
Kwaghe International Journal of Sciences and Technology Vol 3 No 3 (2026): Kwaghe International Journal of Sciences and Technology
Publisher : Darul Yasin Al Sys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/kijst.v3i3.12027

Abstract

Improving resource-use efficiency is essential for enhancing the profitability and sustainability of yam production. This study assessed the costs and returns and evaluated the technical and economic efficiency of yam production in Wukari Local Government Area, Taraba State, Nigeria. Primary data were collected from 120 yam farmers selected through a multistage sampling procedure and analyzed using net farm income analysis and stochastic frontier models. The results indicate that yam production was profitable, generating an average gross margin of ₦217,441.67, with a total variable cost of ₦628,830.25 and a return of ₦0.30 per naira invested. Seed represented the largest variable-cost component (49%), followed by labour (38%). The stochastic production frontier yielded a gamma estimate of 0.87, indicating that 87% of the composite-error variance was attributable to technical inefficiency. The economic efficiency analysis similarly attributed 92% of the observed variation to differences in farmers’ economic efficiency. Farm size, seed quantity, fertilizer application, and labour positively influenced yam output, whereas agrochemical use had a negative association, suggesting possible overapplication or inappropriate use. Educational attainment, household size, farming experience, and age significantly reduced economic inefficiency, demonstrating the importance of farmers’ socioeconomic characteristics and human capital. The study concludes that although yam production in the study area is profitable, considerable scope remains for improving technical and economic efficiency through more effective resource allocation, greater access to credit, and the adoption of improved farming practices. These findings provide empirical guidance for policies that prioritize subsidized production inputs, strengthened agricultural extension services, farmer education, and expanded credit access to improve the productivity and sustainability of yam production.
Co-Authors F. B. Filli J. L. Gizaki