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All Journal African Journal of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Research Kwaghe International Journal of Sciences and Technology
Hajara Yakubu
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Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Environmental Science Law, Crime, Criminology & Criminal Justice Social Sciences

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Mechanisms of Cadmium Toxicity: Metabolomics and Medical Approach Abdulwasiu Olawale Salaudeen; Yemisi Ajoke Olawore; Hajara Yakubu
African Journal of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Research Vol 2 No 2 (2025): African Journal of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Research
Publisher : Darul Yasin Al Sys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/ajbmbr.v2i2.6142

Abstract

Heavy metals are harmful pollutants due to their toxicity at low concentrations, persistent nature and non-biodegradability that have attracted widespread attention. Heavy metals, such as arsenic, cadmium, chromium, lead and mercury are known to be toxic to plants and animals. Cadmium is a highly toxic heavy metal that adversely affects most organ systems. It is commonly found in humans, with primary sources of exposure being cigarette smoke, welding, and contaminated food and beverages. There is compelling evidence from recent studies linking exposure to cadmium to the development of cancer, liver damage, renal failure, skin and hair abnormalities and cardiovascular problems. Cadmium have been shown in epidemiological, basic, and clinical studies to increase the generation of reactive oxygen species. This, in turn, can aggravate the generation of reactive oxygen species and cause inflammation, which can lead to endothelial dysfunction, disruption of ion homeostasis and epigenetic modifications. According to recent research, metabolomics can be used to uncover possible biomarkers and biological pathways, as well as to get molecular snapshots of organisms following environmental exposure to stressors like cadmium. Thus, the purpose of this review is to give readers a thorough understanding of the biochemistry and mechanisms that give rise to cadmium toxicity. We also address antioxidants and other substances that have protective properties against cadmium toxicity, as well as the molecular underpinnings of cadmium-induced cellular damage.
Preliminary Study into the Application of Metabolomics in Soil Discrimination Abdulwasiu Olawale Salaudeen; Yemisi Ajoke Olawore; Aishat Abdulkareem Yetunde; Hajara Yakubu; Abubakar Umar Dewa
Kwaghe International Journal of Sciences and Technology Vol 2 No 2 (2025): Kwaghe International Journal of Sciences and Technology
Publisher : Darul Yasin Al Sys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/kijst.v2i2.6486

Abstract

Soil metabolomics provides a comprehensive analysis of small-molecule metabolites (≤1.5 kDa) present in soil and offers insights into how environmental processes influence soil conditions. Although this technique has been applied to various soil-related studies, it remains underrepresented in the broader field of metabolomics, highlighting the need for further research. This study aims to characterize the soil metabolome across contrasting soil sites to evaluate the discriminating capacity of soil metabolomics and its potential as a soil quality indicator. Soil metabolites were extracted using methanol and dichloromethane and analyzed with an Agilent 1260 Infinity II liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry platform. A total of 307 compounds were positively identified, including steroids, saponins, amino acids, organothiophosphorus compounds, and fatty acids. Multivariate statistical tools, such as Partial Least Squares Discriminant Analysis (PLS-DA) score and loading plots, Variable Importance in Projection (VIP) scores, Significance Analysis of Microarrays (SAM), and heat mapping successfully discriminated the soil samples from four distinct sites. Among the identified metabolites, prolyl-hydroxyproline (ID 1817) had the highest VIP score (≈2.62) and emerged as a potential biomarker for differentiating soil types. These findings underscore the utility of metabolomics in soil characterization and its potential application in environmental monitoring and soil quality assessment.
Co-Authors Abdulwasiu Olawale Salaudeen Abubakar Umar Dewa Aishat Abdulkareem Yetunde Yemisi Ajoke Olawore