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All Journal African Journal of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Research African Journal of Medicine, Surgery and Public Health Research
Anyiam Vivian Ifeoma
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Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Immunology & microbiology Medicine & Pharmacology Nursing Public Health

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Serum IgM Levels and Hepatitis D Virus Co-Infection in HBsAg-Positive Patients in Abakaliki, Nigeria Okosigha Saviour Azibanyam; Imarenezor Edobor Peter Kenneth; Anyiam Vivian Ifeoma
African Journal of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Research Vol 2 No 3 (2025): African Journal of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Research
Publisher : Darul Yasin Al Sys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/ajbmbr.v2i3.7486

Abstract

Hepatitis delta virus (HDV) is a defective RNA virus that relies on co-infection with Hepatitis B virus (HBV) for its replication. This study aimed to identify HBsAg-positive patients co-infected with HDV and quantify serum IgM levels in a hospital-based population in Abakaliki, Ebonyi State, Nigeria. A cross-sectional analytical study was conducted among 1,000 patients attending the Federal Teaching Hospital Abakaliki (FETHA) and Mile 4 Hospital Ishieke. HBsAg-positive individuals were identified using a rapid diagnostic kit, while HDV-IgM was detected using ELISA. Among the 1,000 participants, 89 (8.9%) tested positive for HBsAg, and of these, 5 (5.6%) were also positive for HDV-IgM, indicating active co-infection. HDV co-infection prevalence was higher among females (7.7%) compared to males (2.7%), and significantly higher among married individuals (6.9%) than singles (3.2%) (p < 0.05). Age-specific analysis revealed the highest co-infection rate (10%) among individuals aged 29–33 years, while no cases were recorded in the 34–45 years age group. Geographically, patients from Mile 4 Hospital had a higher co-infection rate (7.5%) than those from FETHA (2.8%). Educational status and occupation also influenced prevalence; tertiary-educated individuals had the highest rate (13.6%), while no cases were reported among those with only primary education. Students recorded a prevalence of 8.9%, with no co-infections detected among traders or housewives. Among clinical subgroups, pregnant women had a higher co-infection rate (9.5%) compared to blood donors (2.1%). These findings underscore the importance of routine HDV screening among HBsAg-positive patients, especially in high-risk groups, and the urgent need for targeted public health interventions to reduce the burden and severity of HBV/HDV co-infection in Nigeria. Further research is warranted to better understand the epidemiological dynamics and clinical implications of co-infection.
Prevalence of Group B Streptococcus among Individuals in Yenagoa, Bayelsa State, South South, Nigeria Edafe Ejiro Patrick; Imarenezor Edobor Peter Kenneth; Anyiam Vivian Ifeoma; Salvage Akpomedaye
African Journal of Medicine, Surgery and Public Health Research Vol 1 No 1 (2024): African Journal of Medicine, Surgery and Public Health Research
Publisher : Darul Yasin Al Sys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/ajmsphr.v1i1.4036

Abstract

Streptococcus agalactiae also known as Group B Streptococcus (GBS) is a Gram-positive bacterium that primarily colonizes the gastrointestinal and genitourinary tracts of humans. While it is a commensal organism in many healthy individuals, GBS can become pathogenic, causing a variety of infections. This study investigated the prevalence of Group B Streptococcus (GBS) colonization among adults in Yenagoa, Bayelsa State, Nigeria, to assess the distribution of GBS across various age groups and between sexes. A total of 185 individuals were included in the study which comprises of both male and female across different age groups (16–35 years). The specimens were cultured on Todd-Hewitt broth and Columbia Blood Agar. Morphological and biochemical tests, including Gram staining, CAMP test, and Hippurate Hydrolysis test, were performed to confirm the presence of GBS.Morphological analysis revealed small to medium-sized, grayish-white, beta-hemolytic colonies with characteristic cocci in pairs or chains, confirming Streptococcus agalactiae. The overall prevalence of GBS colonization was found to be 5.95%, with 5.17% in males and 6.30% in females. The highest prevalence was observed in the age group 31–35 years among females (16.00%) and in the 26–30 age group among males (9.09%). This study result provides essential baseline data on GBS prevalence among individuals in Yenagoa, highlighting the need for continued surveillance and targeted interventions in this area to reduce the risk of GBS transmission.
Hepatitis B and D Virus Co-Infection: A Study of Seroprevalence and IgM Response among Patients in Abakaliki Metropolis, Ebonyi State, Nigeria Okosigha Saviour Azibanyam; Imarenezor Edobor Peter Kenneth; Anyiam Vivian Ifeoma
African Journal of Medicine, Surgery and Public Health Research Vol 2 No 3 (2025): African Journal of Medicine, Surgery and Public Health Research
Publisher : Darul Yasin Al Sys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/ajmsphr.v2i3.7485

Abstract

Hepatitis, an inflammation of the liver commonly caused by viral infections, exists in five primary forms: Hepatitis A, B, C, D, and E. Among these, Hepatitis D virus (HDV) is a defective virus that requires co-infection with Hepatitis B virus (HBV) for replication. Hepatitis may present as acute or chronic, and early diagnosis and treatment are essential to prevent complications. This study investigated the seroprevalence of HBV and HDV co-infection among patients in Abakaliki Metropolis, Ebonyi State, Nigeria. A cross-sectional analytical design was employed, involving 1,000 patients who attended the Federal Teaching Hospital Abakaliki (FETHA) and Mile 4 Hospital Ishieke. Serological testing was conducted using ELISA kits in accordance with the manufacturer’s protocols and standard laboratory procedures. Of the 1,000 participants, 89 (8.9%) tested positive for HBsAg, indicating HBV infection, while 5 (5.6%) of these were also positive for HDV-IgM, confirming co-infection. The prevalence of HBV/HDV co-infection was higher among females (7.7%) compared to males (2.7%) and more pronounced among married individuals (6.9%) than singles (3.2%). These findings indicate a notable burden of HBV and HDV co-infection in the study area. The results underscore the importance of routine HDV screening for all HBsAg-positive patients and the implementation of targeted public health interventions to prevent HDV transmission and reduce the severity of HBV-related disease.
Co-Authors Edafe Ejiro Patrick Imarenezor Edobor Peter Kenneth Okosigha Saviour Azibanyam Salvage Akpomedaye