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All Journal Kwaghe International Journal of Sciences and Technology
Usaku Reuben
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Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Environmental Science Law, Crime, Criminology & Criminal Justice Social Sciences

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Assessment of Some Selected Pesticide Residues and Associated Soils from Six Farming Communities of Girei Local Government Area, Adamawa State, Nigeria Usaku Reuben; Emmanuel Hope; Dowell B. Farimani
Kwaghe International Journal of Sciences and Technology Vol 2 No 3 (2025): Kwaghe International Journal of Sciences and Technology
Publisher : Darul Yasin Al Sys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/kijst.v2i3.7545

Abstract

This study assessed the concentrations of pesticide residues in leguminous crops and associated soils from six farming communities in Girei Local Government Area, Adamawa State, Nigeria. Sampling was conducted in Tashan Turmi, Wuro Dole, Madugu, Sebere, Bakalci, and Jabi Lamba. Standard analytical procedures were used, with pesticide residue analysis performed using a Gas Chromatograph-Mass Spectrometer (GC-MS), Agilent Technologies GC 7890B, MSD 5977A. In legume samples, detected pesticide residues included atrazine (0.93 µg·kg⁻¹), 2,4-D (0.275 µg·kg⁻¹), cypermethrin (0.066 µg·kg⁻¹), and fenitrothion (0.051 µg·kg⁻¹), all of which were below Codex Maximum Residue Limits (MRLs). In soil samples, higher concentrations were observed, with 2,4-D at 86.361 µg·kg⁻¹, dimethoate at 1.009 µg·kg⁻¹, alachlor at 3.382 µg·kg⁻¹, and atrazine at 0.857 µg·kg⁻¹. These results indicate moderate environmental contamination due to agrochemical usage, reflecting anthropogenic influence in the agricultural practices of the region. The study underscores the need for regular pesticide monitoring, the adoption of safer agricultural practices, and increased public awareness to ensure food safety and safeguard environmental health.
Assessment of Heavy Metals and Pesticide Residues in Soils in Adamawa State, Nigeria Micah Musa Master; Usaku Reuben; Dowell Bartimaeus Fari; Mustapha Umaru
Kwaghe International Journal of Sciences and Technology Vol 2 No 3 (2025): Kwaghe International Journal of Sciences and Technology
Publisher : Darul Yasin Al Sys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/kijst.v2i3.7547

Abstract

Pesticides and heavy metals are persistent, non-biodegradable contaminants capable of bioaccumulating through ecological food chains such as soil–plant–food and seawater–marine organism–food pathways. Consequently, accurate monitoring of their concentrations is critical for ensuring environmental and public health safety. This study assessed and monitored the concentrations of heavy metals and pesticide residues in soils from various agricultural sites in Adamawa State, Nigeria. Soil samples were collected from Waja, Shashau, Munga, and Garaha Larh in Hong Local Government Area. Heavy metals were analyzed using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry (AAS), while pesticide residues—specifically organochlorine and organophosphate compounds—were identified and quantified using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). Organochlorine pesticides detected in the soil included Lindane (2.136 mg/kg), Aldrin (1.022 mg/kg), Heptachlor (0.358 mg/kg), and Dieldrin (0.167 mg/kg), all of which exceeded the Codex Maximum Residue Limits (MRLs). Organophosphate pesticides such as Diazinon (6.133 mg/kg), Dichlorvos (0.848 mg/kg), and Chlorpyrifos (0.215 mg/kg) were also detected, with Diazinon and Dichlorvos exceeding MRLs. Heavy metals identified in soil included Copper (0.630–16.77 mg/kg), Zinc (12.183–246 mg/kg), Lead (3.648–9.056 mg/kg), Cadmium (0.563–3.842 mg/kg), and Chromium (1.784–5.378 mg/kg). In several locations, Cadmium concentrations exceeded permissible limits, indicating localized contamination. The high levels of Lindane and other contaminants are likely due to excessive use of agrochemicals and potential pollution of irrigation water. The findings underscore the urgent need for regulated agrochemical usage, improved irrigation practices, and ongoing environmental monitoring to mitigate health and ecological risks.
Co-Authors Dowell B. Farimani Dowell Bartimaeus Fari Emmanuel Hope Micah Musa Master Mustapha Umaru