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All Journal Kwaghe International Journal of Sciences and Technology African Journal of Medicine, Surgery and Public Health Research
Ndom B.N.
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Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Environmental Science Immunology & microbiology Law, Crime, Criminology & Criminal Justice Medicine & Pharmacology Nursing Public Health Social Sciences

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Design and Construction of an AC Automatic Light Sensitive Switch System to Control Bulbs Inside Buildings Aboche F.E.; Ndom B.N.; Achimugu A.; Saleh S.; John J.J.; Kozah A.A.
Kwaghe International Journal of Sciences and Technology Vol 3 No 2 (2026): Kwaghe International Journal of Sciences and Technology
Publisher : Darul Yasin Al Sys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/kijst.v3i2.9476

Abstract

Electrical energy wastage remains a persistent challenge in modern buildings, particularly where lighting systems rely on manual switching that requires continuous human intervention and often results in bulbs being left on during the daytime or unavailable when needed at night. This study aimed to design and construct a prototype automatic light-sensitive switch system for controlling alternating-current lighting points in buildings such as lecture halls, classrooms, and offices in order to reduce unnecessary electricity consumption. The system was developed using a Light Dependent Resistor (LDR) as a photosensor and a relay-based switching mechanism to detect changes in environmental brightness and darkness and automatically switch bulbs on at sunset and off at sunrise. The methodological process was carried out in sequential stages comprising software simulation, component assembly and testing on a breadboard, soldering, final testing, and packaging of the prototype. The findings indicate that the developed system can automatically respond to ambient light conditions and control lighting operation without manual intervention. The prototype is projected to reduce building electricity costs by approximately 50% compared with a manual switching system, while also improving bulb lifespan and operational efficiency. The study concludes that an automatic light-sensitive switching system offers a practical and efficient solution for minimizing electrical energy wastage in residential and institutional settings. Its contribution lies in providing a simple, low-cost, and functional prototype that supports energy conservation and more efficient lighting management in buildings.
Day-Time and Night-Time Noise Level from Base Transceiver Stations (BTS) and Its Health Effects in Wukari, Taraba State Aboche F.E.; Ndom B.N.; Achimugu A.; Ezekiel Y.A.; Kozah A. A.; Tanko J.
African Journal of Medicine, Surgery and Public Health Research Vol 3 No 3 (2026): African Journal of Medicine, Surgery and Public Health Research
Publisher : Darul Yasin Al Sys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/ajmsphr.v3i3.11792

Abstract

Environmental noise pollution poses a substantial threat to public health and well-being, yet noise generated by diesel generators at base transceiver stations (BTSs) often remains inadequately controlled. This study assessed daytime and nighttime noise levels from BTS diesel generators in residential areas of Wukari, Nigeria. A longitudinal research design was employed, and noise levels were measured using a GM1352 digital sound-level meter. The recorded values were evaluated against World Health Organization (WHO) and National Environmental Standards and Regulations Enforcement Agency (NESREA) limits of 40 and 45 dB(A), respectively, for nighttime and 50 and 65 dB(A), respectively, for daytime. At night, Location 22 recorded the highest mean noise level at 71.9 dB(A), whereas Location 10 recorded the lowest at 55.2 dB(A); both values exceeded the WHO and NESREA limits. During the day, Location 22 recorded the highest noise level at 67.4 dB(A), exceeding both standards, while Location 8 recorded the lowest at 56.8 dB(A), which exceeded the WHO limit but remained below the NESREA limit. These findings demonstrate that BTS diesel generators contribute to noise pollution in residential areas of Wukari, potentially exposing nearby residents to adverse effects such as sleep disturbance, insomnia, stress, and headaches. The study underscores the need for telecommunications operators to adopt quieter and more sustainable energy sources, including solar power, and for regulatory agencies to enforce appropriate setback distances and noise-control measures around BTS installations in residential areas.
Co-Authors Aboche F.E. Achimugu A. Ezekiel Y.A. John J.J. Kozah A. A. Kozah A.A. Saleh S. Tanko J.