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All Journal African Journal of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Research Open Access DRIVERset African Journal of Clinical Medicine and Pharmacy Research
Dawoye Y.
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Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Immunology & microbiology Medicine & Pharmacology Nursing Public Health

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Phytochemical and Anti-Sickling Properties of Aqueous Extract of Pennisetum purpureum Schumach (Elephant Grass) Shoots Onwubiko U. I.; Imo C.; Onwubiko G. N.; Boyi R.N; Dawoye Y.; Galadima A. O.; Sanusi A.; Solomon J. E.
African Journal of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Research Vol 3 No 2 (2026): African Journal of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Research
Publisher : Darul Yasin Al Sys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/ajbmbr.v3i2.10474

Abstract

Sickle cell disease remains a major haematological disorder associated with haemoglobin S polymerization and erythrocyte sickling, highlighting the need to explore plant-derived compounds with potential anti-sickling activity. This study aimed to determine the anti-sickling potential of the aqueous extract of young shoots of Pennisetum purpureum using microscopy after 2% sodium metabisulphite-induced sickling of sickle red blood cells. The findings showed that Pennisetum purpureum extract significantly reversed many sickled cells to normal-shaped cells, with the percentage reversal depending on both concentration and exposure time. At 250 μg/mL, sickle cell reversal was 88.82% at 0 min, 86.09% at 30 min, and 85.19% at 60 min, whereas the control without extract showed no reversal. At 500 μg/mL, the reversal percentages were 80.14% at 0 min, 92.27% at 30 min, and 90.51% at 60 min. At 1000 μg/mL, reversal increased from 79.13% at 0 min to 94.82% at 30 min and 96.50% at 60 min. Phytochemical analysis indicated the presence of aromatic and alkylic compounds, including quercetin, epicatechin, resveratrol, vanillic acid, ellagic acid, and kaempferol. These compounds may contribute to anti-sickling activity through hydrophobic interactions that interfere with haemoglobin S polymerization and stabilize the hydrophobic erythrocyte lipid bilayer membrane. This study contributes to phytomedicine and sickle cell research by demonstrating the potential of Pennisetum purpureum young shoot extract as a source of bioactive compounds with anti-sickling properties, although further biochemical, toxicological, and clinical validation is required.
Oxidative and Haemolytic Properties of Aqueous Extract of Pennisetum purpureum Shoots as Remedy to Sickle Cell Disease Onwubiko U. I.; Imo C.; Onwubiko G. N.; Boyi R. N.; Christian N. D.; Oaya D.; Jackson S. M.; Gambo M. F.; Abubakar A. H.; Ananians A.; Dawoye Y.
African Journal of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Research Vol 3 No 3 (2026): African Journal of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Research
Publisher : Darul Yasin Al Sys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/ajbmbr.v3i3.12236

Abstract

Reported anti-sickling activity of Pennisetum purpureum shoots has prompted interest in their effects on haemoglobin oxidation and erythrocyte stability. This study assessed the oxidative and haemolytic effects of an aqueous extract of P. purpureum shoots. UV–visible spectroscopy was performed over 400–700 nm to monitor oxyhaemoglobin absorbance at 540 and 576 nm and methaemoglobin formation at 630 nm. Samples were examined in the absence of extract and at extract concentrations of 250, 500, and 1,000 μg/mL, with measurements obtained at 0, 30, 60, and 90 minutes and 24 hours. Erythrocyte lysis was assessed spectrophotometrically across a saline concentration gradient. In the presence of the extract, the oxyhaemoglobin absorbance ratio (A576/A540) decreased from 1.04 to 0.91, while absorbance at 630 nm increased from 0.05 to 0.42, indicating methaemoglobin formation. Haemoglobin oxidation increased with extract concentration and incubation time. The haemolysis assay also indicated an erythrocyte-stabilising effect. These findings demonstrate concentration- and time-dependent haemoglobin oxidation alongside erythrocyte-stabilising activity under the tested conditions. The study provides preliminary laboratory evidence to guide further investigation of the extract’s potential relevance to sickle cell disease management.
Co-Authors Abubakar A. H. Ananians A. Boyi R. N. Boyi R.N Christian N. D. Galadima A. O. Gambo M. F. Imo C. Jackson S. M. Oaya D. Onwubiko G. N. Onwubiko U. I. Rayyanu S. S. Sanusi A. Solomon J. E.